回顾与进展:斑岩铜矿理论研究及勘查技术  

Review and Progress:Theory and Exploration Technology to Porphyry Copper Deposit

作　　者：许荣科[1] 陕亮[2] 郑有业[1,3] 张雨莲[4] 庞迎春 马国桃[6] 曹亮 刘鑫扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,武汉430074 [2]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [3]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [4]西安地质矿产研究所,西安710054 [5]武汉地质矿产研究所,武汉430205 [6]成都地质矿产研究所,成都610082

出　　处：《华南地质与矿产》2011年第1期22-32,共11页Geology and Mineral Resources of South China

基　　金：中国地质调查局大调查项目(编号1:212010531504)资助

摘　　要：斑岩铜矿是最重要的铜矿床类型,对其成矿作用的认识及找矿方法的研究,对找矿实践具有重要指导意义。为此作者通过收集和整理有关文献,力图从拓展勘查人员找矿思路的角度,回顾和总结了斑岩铜矿研究在岩浆岩地球化学特征、成矿物质来源、流体演化及矿床金属组分、成矿构造背景及动力学、勘查理论及技术等方面的进展,以期有助于斑岩铜矿的勘查找矿及相关的研究工作。总结指出:斑岩铜矿主要与埃达克(质)岩相关,成矿物质来源于地幔,岩体酸碱度对铜矿床伴生金属组分具有控制作用,斑岩铜矿床的矿化是通过多阶段独立流体演化过程中铜质的逐步富集实现的;成矿主要发生在汇聚大陆边缘,但造山带和非造山环境也可形成斑岩铜矿,其形成主要与构造机制转换诱发的地幔熔融、地壳变形等一系列可能导致岩浆快速上升和侵位的有利条件有关,成矿系列、成矿系统等系统论研究思维的引入和地质、构造、遥感、航空物探、矿区地球化学等一系列新、老技术的综合运用,对成功找矿具有重要意义;但对于成矿构造环境的多样性、壳幔混合对成矿的影响、勘查技术的运用等方面也还存在一些需要解决的问题。The metallogenic theory and prospecting methods of porphyry copper deposit is very useful for exploration this most important copper deposit type.This paper gathered recent literature of porphyry copper deposit in the aspect of geochemical characteristics of related magmatic rocks,origin of ore-forming material,evolvement of mineralizing fluid,metal component of ore mineral,tectonic background and dynamics,prospecting theory and technology et al.to promoting the metallogenic theory research and exploration works.The porphyry copper deposits are intimately related to adakite（or adakite-like） rocks,the ore-forming elements of which are mainly come for the mantle,but the concomitant metal elements are determined by the alkalinity-acidity of the magmatic rocks.The porphyry copper deposit is formed by the stepwise enrichment of copper in the stages evolvement of independent ore-forming fluid.Although the converging continental margin is the favorable tectonic environment for porphyry copper deposit,those deposits also can formed in the orogenic belts or anorogenic belts,where the magma formed by the mantle melting and crustal deformation which is induced by tectonic mechanism transition can uplift and emplace quickly to the upper crust.The use of theory of metallogenic series and metallogenic system,combined with a series of new or old prospecting skills,such as geology analysis,structure research,remote sensing,airborne geophysical prospecting,and geochemical exploration,et al.,have important meaning for the successful ore prospecting.Some problems,such as the influence of variety of tectonic environment and magma mingling for mineralization,and applications of different prospecting methods,are desiderating thorough research in the future.

关 键 词：斑岩铜矿 岩浆活动 矿质来源 金属组分 构造背景 勘查方法 综述 展望 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学]