保墒灌溉对夏玉米地土壤水分迁移转化的影响  

Effect of Moisture Movement and Conserving under Straw Mulching in Maize Field

作　　者：贺军奇[1] 员学锋[1] 卫新东[1] 汪有科 

机构地区：[1]长安大学,陕西西安710054 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2011年第2期198-204,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家十一五"863"项目现代节水农业技术创新平台(2006AA100223);干旱半干旱地区水文生态与水安全学科创新引智基地(B08039)

摘　　要：设置地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和PAM化学保水剂3种保墒处理,研究不同保墒灌溉下夏玉米地土壤水分沿剖面变化规律与夏玉米整个生育期耗水规律的异同。试验结果表明:在灌溉或非灌溉条件下,各保墒处理的土壤含水量在0～150 cm均高于相同条件下的对照,且各保墒灌溉对土壤储水量的提高,随着灌溉水量的增加而增加。试验结果还表明:地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和PAM处理在拔节前的耗水量分别较对照平均降低了27.92 mm,24.54 mm和2.07 mm,降幅分别为58.4%,51.33%和4.33%。抽雄期至灌浆期,地膜覆盖条件下土壤耗水量较对照增加11.88～20.90 mm;秸秆覆盖增加12.93～18.14 mm,而PAM处理则增加2.00～4.39 mm。灌浆期至成熟期虽然与抽雄期至灌浆期的耗水规律一致,但是由于不同处理受降雨的影响,土壤水分状况差异不是很大,因此土壤耗水量起伏变化较小。同时得出,夏玉米整个生育期内,不同处理耗水量大小关系依次为:CK>PAM处理>秸秆覆盖处理>地膜覆盖处理。In this experiment,three soil moisture conservation treatments,i.e.plastic mulching,straw mulching and PAM chemical water-retaining agent,were designed to investigate the dynamic regulation of soil moisture content in maize field and water consumption of maize during the whole growing season under different irrigation treatments.The values of soil moisture content under distinct irrigating water quotas during different growing periods of maize were measured to analyze the temporal dynamic change of soil moisture content in summer maize field.The results show that the soil moisture content under conservation treatments was higher than that without treatment whenever the maize field was irrigated or not.Water-holding capacity of soil was increased with the increase of irrigation volume.It was found that the water consumption was decreased by 27.92 mm,24.54 mm and 2.07 mm under plastic mulching,straw mulching and PAM chemical water-retaining agent treatments,and the reductions were 58.4%,51.33% and 4.33%,respectively.Moreover,the soil water consumptions were increased by 11.88-20.90 mm,12.93-18.14 mm and 2.00-4.39 mm respectively under plastic mulching,straw mulching and PAM chemical water-retaining agent treatment during the period from tasseling stage to milking stage.Water consumption during the period from milking stage to mature stage was similar to that during the period from tasseling stage and milking stage,and the change of soil water consumption was not significant due to rainfall.In conclusion,water consumption under different treatments during the whole growth season of maize was in an order of CK PAM chemical water-retaining agent treatment straw mulching plastic mulching.

关 键 词：保墒灌溉 夏玉米 土壤水分 迁移转化 耗水规律 杨凌 陕西 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]