培育密度及饵料种类对四角蛤蜊幼虫生长、存活及变态的影响  

Effects of Stocking Density and Alga Species on Larval Growth,Survival and Metamorphosis in Surf Clam Mactra veneriformis

作　　者：赵越[1] 王金海[1] 张丛尧[1] 刘洋 闫喜武[1] 王琦[1] 霍忠明[1] 姚托[1] 张跃环[1] 杨凤[1] 张国范[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产科学》2011年第3期160-163,共4页Fisheries Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2007T104)

摘　　要：在水温22.8～24.6℃,盐度24～25,pH 7.82～8.36的条件下,研究了培育密度及饵料种类对四角蛤蜊幼虫生长、存活及变态的影响。试验结果表明,不同的培育密度(5、10、15、20、30个/ml)下,幼虫的生长速度、存活率随着密度的增大而降低;30个/ml试验组幼虫不能发育至匍匐幼虫;5、10、15、20个/ml试验组幼虫的变态率随着密度的增大而降低,各阶段的发育时间随着密度的增大而增加。不同的饵料种类及投喂方式,即单独投喂金藻(J)、小球藻(Q)与混合投喂[JQ11(J:Q=1:1)、JQ12(J:Q=1:2)、JQ21(J:Q=2:1)]对幼虫的生长速度、存活率、变态率及幼虫各阶段发育时间的影响也不同,单独投喂效果较差,混合投喂效果相对较好。在四角蛤蜊苗种生产过程中,培育密度10个/ml较为合理,且混合投喂比单独投喂效果更好。The impacts of stocking density（5,10,15,20,and 30 ind./ml） and alga species on larval growth,survival and metamorphosis were investigated in surf clam Mactra veneriformis at 22.8～24.6 ℃,salinity 24～25,and pH 7.82～8.36 from June to August in 2008.The results showed that the larvae had decrease in growth and survival with increase in stocking density with stagnant development at stocking density of 30 ind./ml.The metamorphosis rate was found to be reduced with stocking density rising（5,10,15,and 20 ind./ml）,retardation of development at various stages.There were higher growth,survival and metamorphosis and shorter developmental period in the larvae fed algal mixture [（Isochrysis zhanjiangensis） J∶Q（Chlorella saccharophila）=1∶1,J∶Q=1∶2,and J∶Q=2∶1] than those in the larvae fed single alga（J） or（Q）.The high juvenile yields of surf clam were observed at stocking density of 10 ind./ml and feeding regime of algal mixture in a hatchery.

关 键 词：四角蛤蜊 培育密度 饵料种类 生长 存活 变态 

分 类 号：S968.317[农业科学—水产养殖]