棉花种间杂交抗棉铃虫资源选育  

Breeding of Cotton with Resistance to Bollworm by Interspecific Crossing

作　　者：姜茹琴[1] 苗春生 潘河山 王志龙[1] 姜保功[1] 杨雪梅 张欣雪[1] 何鉴星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所,北京100101 [2]河北沧州职教中心,061023 [3]中国农科院植保所,北京100094

出　　处：《棉花学报》1999年第6期306-311,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关项目;中科院重大项目

摘　　要：棉属野生种共有４６ 个，这为棉花遗传育种提供了丰富的资源宝库。有些野生种具有天然的抗虫性。利用棉花远缘杂交的方法，把野生种的抗虫性转移到栽培种上，充分利用棉属内存的天然资源，是当前提高棉花抗虫性行之有效的方法。从１９７３ 年开始，我组通过棉花远缘杂交研究创造了一套克服棉花远缘杂交不亲和性技术，即采用种间杂交铃喷施植物生长素，杂种胚离体培养并在试管内利用秋水仙碱溶液进行染色体加倍的方法，有效地解决了种间杂交铃、杂种胚的发育和Ｆ１ 结实率的难题，并先后获得１４ 个野生种与栽培种的杂种高代材料，从中已筛选出一批抗棉铃虫的种质资源，并选出了９２－ ４８－ ２、９２－ ２６－ ２、６－ １ 和科１８１×完紫等高产、优质，抗棉铃虫的优良品系。wild species in Gossypium provide a rich gene resources for genetic breeding. Some of them have natural resistance to pests. It is a main tool and also a confirmed method to transfer the pest resistance of wild species to commercial cultivars by distant hybridization. Our group have researched on overcoming barriers at distant hybridization since 1973. We successfully solved the problems of inability of interspecific hybrid embryos and bolls and sterility of F 1 hybrid through adding plant hormone(GA 0.005%, NAA0.004%) to hybrid bolls, in vitro culturing hybrid embryos and doubling chromosomes by Colchicine. 14 hybrids were got and some of them were resistant to bollworm. Several lines (92-48-2,92-26-2,6-1 and Ke181)were selected, which had the characters of high yield, good quality and resistance to bollworm. This result is of significance to meet the urgent need in cotton production and breeding, meanwhile, it will strengthen the selection of pest-resistance variety in the near future.

关 键 词：棉花 种间杂交 抗虫性 棉铃虫 育种 

分 类 号：S562.034[农业科学—作物学] S435.622