纳米镍催化剂对胜利超稠油水热裂解降黏的影响  

Influence of nano-nickl catalyst on viscosity reduction of Shengli extra-heavy oil by aquathermolysis

作　　者：吴川[1] 雷光伦[1] 姚传进[1] 盖平原[2] 曹嫣镔[2] 李啸南[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学石油工程学院,山东青岛266555 [2]胜利油田采油工艺研究院,山东东营257000

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第1期164-168,173,共6页Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)

基　　金：中国石油化工集团公司先导性科技项目(P08057);中国石油大学(华东)研究生创新基金项目

摘　　要：利用微乳液法合成纳米镍催化剂,采用透射电镜对其进行表征,在200℃时对超稠油进行水热裂解催化反应,通过气相色谱仪、元素分析仪、相对分子质量测定仪、红外光谱仪对反应前后稠油的物化性质进行分析。结果表明:水热裂解催化反应后,超稠油降黏率达90.36%,稠油胶质与沥青质含量减少,稠油相对分子质量下降,沥青质相对分子质量降低幅度最大;反应后稠油及其重质组分的氢碳原子数比增加,硫与氮含量减少,氧含量增加;稠油发生水热裂解反应的同时,存在沥青质的聚合反应,沥青质的裂解在降黏反应中起到了关键的作用;纳米镍催化剂促进了水热裂解反应,同时抑制了聚合反应;纳米镍催化剂协同作用使高温水与稠油发生反应,产生具有表面活性的醇类、酚类、羧酸类等物质,导致反应后稠油含氧量增加,黏度降低。Nano-nickel catalyst was synthesized by microemulsion method,characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and then used in the extra-heavy oil aquathermolysis at 200 ℃.The physicochemical properties of heavy oil both before and after reaction were analyzed by using gas chromatography（GC）,elemental analysis（EL）,molecular weight analysis（VPO）,fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）.The results show that the viscosity reduction ratio of extra-heavy oil reaches 90.36%,the contents of resin and asphaltene decrease,and the average moleculars of heavy oil and asphaltene reduce after the catalytic aquathermolysis.The H-C ratio in heavy oil,resin and asphaltene increases.The contents of sulfur and nitrogen decrease,but oxygen content increases in the heavy oil after treatment.A lot of polymerize reactions occurred in the course of aquathermolysis,and the nano-nickel catalyst not only slowed down the polymerize reactions but also speeded up the aquathermolysis.The pyrolysis of asphaltene plays a very important role in synergism reactions between high temperature water and nano-nickel catalyst during the catalytic aquathermolysis,and produces more substances such as alcohol,carboxylate and fatty acid which results in the viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

关 键 词：稠油 水热裂解 纳米镍 降黏 

分 类 号：TE357.46[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]