广州市典型食用鱼类甲基汞含量及风险评估  

Concentrations and Exposure Risk Assessment of Methylmercury in Regularly Consumed Fishes from Guangzhou Markets,China

作　　者：田文娟[1,2] 陈来国[2] 莫测辉[1] 许振成[2] 方建德[2] 梁明易[2] 黄玉妹[2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学理工学院环境工程系,广州510632 [2]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所城市环境研究中心,广州510655

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第3期416-421,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家环保公益项目(20080911)

摘　　要：通过分析广州市区居民消费量较大的7种淡水鱼和5种海水鱼肌肉中甲基汞(MeHg)含量,评估人体通过食鱼摄入MeHg的暴露风险。结果显示,广州市鱼体肌肉中MeHg含量范围为2.39～349μg·kg-1,平均含量为43.4μg·kg-1。不同食性鱼类MeHg含量水平依次为:肉食性>杂食性>草食性,处于食物链不同环节解释了这种含量差异。从生长环境来看,海水鱼肌肉的MeHg含量总体上高于淡水鱼。所有鱼中MeHg含量均低于国内外相关标准限值。与国内其他地区商品鱼相比,广州市商品鱼中MeHg含量相当,但明显低于野生鱼。居民通过食鱼摄入的MeHg范围为0.035～0.087μg·kg-1·d-(1bw),均值为0.050μg·kg-1·d-(1bw),远低于美国EPA规定的MeHg暴露参考剂量(RfD)值(1.1μg·kg-·1d-1),也低于WHO和FAO制定的临时性周可承受摄入量(PTWI)(1.6μg·kg-1)。研究结果表明,广州居民食鱼MeHg暴露风险较小,但儿童等敏感人群食用特定鱼类的量和频次要引起一定注意。Human exposure to methylmercury（MeHg） via fish consumption was evaluated by analyzing MeHg concentrations in seven kinds of freshwater fishes and five kinds of marine fishes in Guangzhou.The results indicated that the MeHg in fish muscles ranged from 2.39 μg·kg-1 to 349 μg·kg-1,with an average of 43.4 μg·kg-1.The MeHg concentrations in fishes of different feeding habits decreased as carnivorouspantophagousherbivorous,which may be due to that they are in different levels of the food chain.The MeHg concentration in the muscle of marine fish was higher than that in the freshwater fish.The MeHg concentrations in fishes from Guangzhou markets did not exceed the maximum allowed level set by domestic or abroad organizations,and were comparable to those in fishes from other domestic markets,but significantly lower than those in the wild fishes.Via fish consumption,human were exposed to MeHg with a range value of 0.035~0.087 μg·kg-1·d-1（bw） and an average of 0.050 μg·kg-1·d-1（bw）,which were lower than the reference dose（RfD）（1.1 μg·kg-1·d-1） established by US EPA and the provisional tolerable weekly intake（PTWI）（1.6 μg·kg-1） by WHO/FAO.In Guangzhou,human exposure to MeHg via fish consumption was relatively low,but attention should be paid to the quantity and frequency of special fishes consumed by the susceptible people,children in particular.

关 键 词：淡水鱼类 海水鱼类 甲基汞 风险评估 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]