贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀动态变化分析  

Soil Erosion Dynamics in Maotiao River Watershed of Guizhou Province

作　　者：许月卿[1] 冯艳[1] 周东[1] 郭飞阁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院土地资源管理系,北京100193

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第1期186-190,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"西南喀斯特山区不同土地利用空间格局下的土壤侵蚀经济损失评估"(40701091)

摘　　要：以贵州省猫跳河流域为案例区,运用RUSLE模型对流域1973,1990,2007年土壤侵蚀空间格局进行了模拟。分析了该流域土壤侵蚀动态变化规律,为流域土壤侵蚀的有效防治提供了科学依据。结果表明,(1)流域下游以及上游西部溶蚀丘陵谷地土壤侵蚀较严重,土壤侵蚀量主要来源于强烈、极强烈及剧烈侵蚀区域,旱地和灌草地是流域发生土壤侵蚀的主要用地类型。(2)近30a来,流域土壤侵蚀经历了趋向严重—减轻的变化过程。1973—1990年低强度土壤侵蚀面积在减少,而高强度侵蚀面积在增加。1990—2007年,除了微度侵蚀面积大幅度增加外,其余侵蚀等级面积均在大幅度减少。6°～25°坡度带是发生土壤侵蚀的主要区域,也是水土流失防治及治理的重点区域。Taken Maotiao River watershed of Guizhou Province as a case study,this paper simulated the spatial distribution of soil erosion in 1973,1990 and 2007,respectively,using GIS and the RUSLE model.Current status of soil erosion and its dynamic change were characterized.The results could provide scientific guidance for soil erosion control in the study area.The results show that serious soil erosion occurred mainly in the lower and western upper reaches of Maotiao River watershed.The major sediment sources included the areas classified as strong,extremely strong and severe erosion zones.In terms of land use,dry farmland and grassland were the dominant land use types resulting in serious soil erosion.The total area of minimal and weak soil erosion zones reduced during the period of 1973-1990,while highly eroded areas increased significantly.During the period of 1990-2007,the total area of strong,extremely strong and severe erosion zones decreased significantly,with an increase of the total area of minimal soil erosion.Soil erosion occurred mainly on lands with a slope grade of 6°~25°,where more attention should be paid to and some practical measures should be taken to reduce soil loss.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 动态变化 贵州省猫跳河流域 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] P332.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]