兔颈总动脉不同形式剪切力及动脉粥样硬化模型的构建  

The model of atherosclerosis caused by different shear stresses in the rabbit carotid artery

作　　者：孙涛[1] 王颖[1] 马志勇[1] 张凯[1] 钟学珍[2] 黎莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部和卫生部心血管重构和功能研究重点实验室山东大学齐鲁医院心内科,济南250012 [2]济南市第五人民医院心内科,济南250022

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2011年第2期62-66,共5页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Q2006C12);山东省科技攻关项目(2009GG10002034);济南市科技专项基金资助项目(200705101-20)

摘　　要：目的探讨自行设计的兔颈总动脉套管产生的高、低及震荡剪切力在动脉粥样硬化斑块进程中的作用。方法根据流体力学原理,采用自行设计的楔形颈总动脉套管加高脂饮食建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型。分3个时间点采集兔颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、舒张末期内径(Dr)、收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)等数据,计算颈总动脉血流剪切力。12周末处死动物,留取动脉标本,HE染色观测颈总动脉病理改变。结果楔形颈总动脉套管放置术后,高、低剪切力与基态剪切力水平有显著差异(P<0.05),震荡剪切力超声结果提示紊乱血流图像。低剪切力区域较震荡剪切力区域形成较大斑块,所含脂质、平滑肌成分较多,胶原成分较少。高剪切力区域则无明显斑块生成。结论采用颈总动脉套管可在相邻血管区域同时模拟不同形态剪切力(低水平、高水平和震荡剪切力),高剪切力可抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生,低剪切力和震荡剪切力则可以诱导动脉粥样硬化的发生。Objective：To explore the effects of increased,lowered and oscillatory wall shear stresses in the progress of atherosclerosis by placing the arterial cannula in the rabbit carotid artery.Method：According to the theory of hydromechanics,the rabbit model of atherosclerosis was established by the arterial cannula designed by us and a high fat diet.The data was detected at three designated time points,including the common carotid arterial intima-media thickness（IMT）,end diastolic diameter（Dr）,systolic peak velocity（Vs）,diastolic end velocity（Vd）,mean velocity（Vm）.Then,the shear stress was calculated.At the end of 12 weeks,the rabbits were sacrificed,and arterial samples were obtained to observe the pathological changes in common carotid artery through hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results：The levels of the increased and lowered shear stresses caused by the cannula were significantly different from the basic line（both P0.05）,the vascular ultrasound showed there was turbulent blood flow in the area of oscillatory shear stresses.Compared to the oscillatory shear stresses,the area of the lowered shear stress contained bigger plaques,more lipids and smooth muscle cells,but less collagen.There was no obvious plague in the area of the increased shear stress.Conclusions：The cannula in the common carotid artery can induce different shear stresses,including increased,lowered and oscillatory,in different segments of a single artery.Increased shear stresses can inhibit atherosclerosis,while the lowered and oscillatory ones can boost its formation.

关 键 词：血管剪切力 颈总动脉套管 动脉粥样硬化 血管超声 兔 

分 类 号：R541.4[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R-332[医药卫生—内科学]