高寒山区退耕地不同植被恢复方式下群落稳定性  

Community Stability under Different Vegetations Restored of Abandoned Lands in Alpine Areas

作　　者：赵成章[1] 董小刚[1] 石福习[1] 达光文 杨文斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省天祝县林业局,甘肃武威733200 [3]中国林业科学研究院林业科学研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《山地学报》2011年第1期6-11,共6页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.40971039);国家十一五科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD46B07);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011FKCA157)~~

摘　　要：稳定的群落结构是退耕地生态系统恢复的主要标志之一。以祁连山东段旱泉沟流域退耕区为例,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了建植6 a的人工草地群落稳定性,结果表明:人工草地在短期内形成了不同于撂荒地的植被格局,草地群落盖度、高度和地上生物量特性明显优于撂荒地和天然草地,部分人工草地物种丰富度和多样性高于撂荒地,功能群结构仍以多年生禾草占优势,无芒雀麦+紫花苜蓿混播草地多样性指数低,处于高产和稳定阶段;各草地根系主要分布在0～10 cm土层,不同草地类型0～20 cm土壤含水量变化最大,4种人工草地对土壤水分的影响表现为提高30～50 cm土层的水分含量,在水分涵蓄方面优于撂荒地。但与天然草地相比未形成密丛型禾草,群落稳定性差,草地群落的演替方向具有不确定性。Stable community structure is one of the important symbols of the ecosystem reconstruction of abandoned lands.Taking the de-farming regions of Hanquangou valley in eastern Qilian Mountains for example,and using the ways of field investigation and laboratory analysis,we studied on the community stability about four artificial grasslands that planted under the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland project in 2003,meanwhile,took the abandoned land and natural grassland as the control lines.The results showed that artificial grassland formed the vegetation pattern was different from the abandoned land vegetation in a short time,the coverage,height and the aboveground biomass were better than abandoned land and natural grassland obviously.Some of the artificial grasslands were better than abandoned land in species richness and diversity,and the functional group structure was still dominated by perennial grasses,Bromus inermis ＋ Medicago saliva grassland＇s diversity index（H） was lower,and grassland was at the high-yielding and stable stage.The grass roots are mainly distributed in 0 to 10 cm soil layer.Different grassland types of soil moisture were maximum in 0 to 20 cm soil layer,four artificial grasslands improved the soil moisture,especially at 30 to 50 cm depth,and these artificial grasslands were better than abandoned land in water conservation.Artificial grasslands did not form the thick grasses,and community stable was poorer than natural grassland,the artificial grasslands have uncertainty directions in succession process.

关 键 词：退耕地 人工草地 群落稳定性 植被恢复 祁连山 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] S181[生物学—普通生物学]