交错齿槛槽排导粘性泥石流的试验  

Experiment of Drainage Canal with Indented-sill for Viscous Debris Flow

作　　者：高全[1,2] 陈晓清[1] 贾世涛[3] 黄凯[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所/中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《山地学报》2011年第1期101-108,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41072270);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"计划(2008CB425802)~~

摘　　要：排导槽是一种结构简单、效果明显、用途广泛的泥石流防治措施,在总结东川槽、"V"型槽等现有排导槽槽型优缺点的基础上,结合一种新槽型——交错齿槛型泥石流排导槽展开试验研究。提出排导槽排导指数概念,即直接反应排导槽排泄能力的参数。利用室内水槽模型试验,通过改变交错槽纵比降、齿槛间距、夹角等参数,得出排导指数与上述参数的关系,试验结果表明:1.与东川槽相比,交错齿槛槽的排导能力有大幅度的提升,最大增幅达74%,表明交错齿槛有较强的挑流排泄能力,能有效解决东川槽等存在的淤积难题;2.不同比降下,交错槽主要设计参数组合存在差异,其中10%与15%比降下,60°齿槛间距为30 cm时,交错槽的排导指数最大,排导能力最强;而12%比降下,60°齿槛间距为40 cm为最优组合;3.小角度齿槛(60°)齿槛挑流排导能力较大角度(80°)更强,更适合坡降较小的排导槽;齿槛角度越大,齿槛的挑流能力有限,阻流作用越明显,对需控制流速及洪峰流量的泥石流,可考虑采用大角度齿槛。Drainage channel is one the most commonly useful debris flow countermeasures with such superiorities as simple structure and convenient construction.According to the construction experience of Dongchuan-type and ＂V-type＂,an indoor flume model experiment on drainage channel with indented-sill has been performed.The definition of drainage index was proposed,i.e.a parameter of showing drainage ability of channel.In the experiment,longitudinal slope,distance between two sill and angle of sills were changed to analyze the variation law of drainage index.（1） Compared with Dongchuan-type,the drainage ability of drainage canal with indented-sill increased largely with the top increment rate of 73%,that is,indented sill has obvious flow oriented effect,which is helpful to solve the problem of debris-flow siltation;（2） When the longitudinal slope is 10% or 15%,indented sill with an angle of 60 and a distance of 30cm can largely increase drainage ability of channel,whereas when longitudinal slope is 12%,the best combination is 60°and 40 cm,（3） Sills with small angle（60°） can be more fit for debris-flow with low longitudinal slope,however,sills with large angle（80°） can be more suited to debris-flow with steep gradient.

关 键 词：泥石流 排导槽 交错齿槛 排导特征 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]