不同饲养模式对哺乳犊牛体尺指标和瘤胃发育的影响  

Effects of different feeding patterns on the body size index and digestive tract development in nursing calves

作　　者：张巧娥[1] 李胜利[2] 曹志军[2] 王文卓 蔡丽 魏强[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院动物科学系,宁夏银川750021 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100094 [3]宁夏忠良农业开发有限公司,宁夏银川750023

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2011年第3期18-22,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：2007年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-036)

摘　　要：为研究优质牧草对犊牛体尺指标和瘤胃发育的影响,选取20头体重、日龄相近的健康荷斯坦奶犊牛,采用完全随机设计的方法,分为试验组和对照组,每组10头,其中公、母各半。对照组饲喂颗粒精料+鲜牛奶,试验组饲喂颗粒精料+优质苜蓿干草+鲜牛奶,于3月龄断奶时进行体尺指标和瘤胃发育指标的测量。结果表明:试验组和对照组各项体尺指标差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组显著提高了犊牛3月龄的瘤胃平均重量、瓣胃平均容积、瓣胃平均重量、皱胃平均容积(P<0.05),且瘤胃乳头绒毛长,颜色深,以瘤胃底部发育最好且分布较多乳头,顶部分布较少且稀疏,还可有效地防止了瘤胃内毛球的形成,明显降低犊牛异食癖和瘤胃臌气的发生,而对照组瘤胃乳头发育较差,颜色较浅,瘤胃壁薄,但瘤胃乳头分布均匀。A total of 20 healthy Holstein calves were selected and divided into 2 groups according to similar body weights and ages, respectively, which 10 calves in each group, and half male and female adopting completely randomized design to study the effects of high quality hay on the body size index and digestive tract development in nursing calves. Grained concentration and fresh milk were fed in the control group. Grained concentration and high quality hay and fresh milk were fed in the experimental group. Body size indexes and digestive tract development were measured in at 3-month-old when weaning. The results showed that there was no significant differences between all body size indexes in the control group and the experimental group （P〉0. 05 ）. Rumen average weight, omasum average weight, omasum average volume and abomasum average volume were significantly increased at 3-month-old calves in the experimental group （ P〈O. 05）. Rumen mammilla hair was longer, clour was darker, development of bottom was best and more mammillas were distributed, mammillas of top were less and sparse in the experimental group. Formation of hairball in the rumen was avoided effectively, and pica and bloat in calves were decreased significantly. While development of lumen mammilla was worse, lighter colou and thin rumen wall, but equably distributed in the control group.

关 键 词：哺乳犊牛 体尺指标 瘤胃发育 饲养模式 

分 类 号：S826.8[农业科学—畜牧学]