Morphology and Molecular Identification of Ulva Forming Green Tides in Qingdao,China  

作　　者：KONG Fanna MAO Yunxiang CUI Fujun ZHANG Xingkui GAO Zhen 

机构地区：[1]College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China [2]Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Gene Resource Exploitation of MinistO, of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China [3]College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China

出　　处：《Journal of Ocean University of China》2011年第1期73-79,共7页中国海洋大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by ShanDong Province Important Science & Technology Specific Project (No.2008ZHZX1A1203);Science & Technology Specific Project of Qingdao (No.08-1-7-2-hy,No.09-2-5-3-hy)

摘　　要：Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1),5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.Green tides are caused by the proliferation of chlorophytes under suitable hydrographic conditions.These blooms lead to environmental degradation and negatively impact the waters and seagrass beds,as well as fishing and other recreational activities in the bay.A comprehensive ecological understanding of the bloom dynamics,including the origin and persistence,is needed to foster management decisions.The algae in the great majority of green tide blooms usually belong to two genera of Ulvophyceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha.Ulva has been observed more often in recent years.In China,green tides occurred for the first time in the middle area of the Yellow Sea in 2007,and a large-scale algae blooming broke out in the middle and southern areas of the Yellow Sea in late May 2008.We identified them as Ulva prolifera by comparative analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 （ITS1）,5.8S and ITS2 sequences in combination with microscopic observation.Morphological differences were found between the free-floating algae and the attached thalli.Various reproduction patterns of the free-floating algae include sexual,asexual and vegetative propagations,which played important roles in the long-term green tide persistence in China.The ITS sequences of the blooming algae were identical to those of the samples from the Lianyungang sea area but were different from the attached samples from the Qingdao sea area.The results infer that the blooms are originated from other sea areas rather than from the local attached populations.

关 键 词：Ulva prolifera  green tides  ITS sequences  monostromatic phylogenetic analysis 

分 类 号：Q949.211[生物学—植物学] U675.12[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]