不正当竞争规制与商业言论自由  

The Regulation of Unfair Competition and Freedom of Commercial Speech

作　　者：蔡祖国[1] 郑友德[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2011年第2期121-132,共12页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目"建设创新型国家与知识产权保护"(项目编号:06JJD820017)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：正当竞争边界的模糊性与商业言论边界的不确定性,决定了不正当竞争规制与商业言论自由之间存在模糊难决的空间。不正当竞争边界的模糊性易导致不正当竞争规制过宽,仅依据不正当竞争法处理有关商业言论行为可能会导致基本权利价值受到损害。商业言论边界的不确定性使得欧美至今未能对商业言论进行准确的界定,也未形成统一的商业言论保护的原则和标准,其仅受到有限保护。不正当竞争规制的宽泛性与商业言论自由的有限性会不可避免地导致二者发生冲突。对此,欧美所进行的立法及实践表明,商业言论自由是有限度的,当商业言论涉及不正当竞争规制时,只有商业言论事关重大社会公共利益时才可能受到宪法保护。其立法和实践显示出法院根据不正当竞争法和宪法进行双重审查的特点,而依据宪法的基本权利价值进行考量是平衡二者冲突的关键之所在。这些立法和实践为我国商业言论保护提供了可资借鉴的经验。The amphiboly of definition of unfair competition and the uncertainty of definition of commercial speech determine the ambiguous space between regulation of unfair competition and freedom of commercial speech.The amphiboly of definition of unfair competition easily leads to the too broad regulation of unfair competition while the behavior of handling relative commercial speech only in accordance with unfair competition law may lead to the damage to the basic rights and values.The uncertainty of definition of commercial speech disables Europe and USA to accurately define commercial speech and to form the uniform principles and standards to protect the commercial speech.The broadness of regulation of unfair competition and limitation of freedom of commercial speech will unavoidably lead to the conflict between both of them.It is shown by the legislation and the practice in Europe and USA that the freedom of commercial speech is limited,when the commercial speech involves the regulation of unfair competition,only when the commercial speech involves the important social public benefits,can it be protected by the constitution.The legislation and the practices in Europe and USA also show the characteristics of double examination by the court in accordance with unfair competition law and the constitution while it is key to carry out the examination in accordance with the basic rights and values of the constitution so as to balance the conflict between both of them,which offer us the referenced experience in protection of commercial speech.

关 键 词：不正当竞争 不正当竞争规制 商业言论 商业言论自由 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]