中国南方海相油气藏破坏类型及其时空分布  

Destruction types and temporal-spatial distribution of marine hydrocarbon reservoirs in South China

作　　者：李双建[1] 高波[1] 沃玉进 周雁[1] 袁玉松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油实验地质》2011年第1期43-49,55,共8页Petroleum Geology & Experiment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40739904);国家科技重大专项项目(2008ZX05005-001)资助

摘　　要：依据对中国南方古油藏、沥青点、油气苗点和钻井显示的统计,从油气成藏与破坏的基本地质因素出发,总结了南方海相油气藏破坏的基本类型及其可能的分布范围。南方海相油气藏的破坏类型主要分为6种,即断裂切割破坏型、油藏抬升破坏型、深埋裂解破坏型、岩浆作用破坏型、褶皱变动破坏型和流体冲洗破坏型,其中前4种类型分布最为广泛。该区油气藏破坏主要由构造变动引起盖层剥蚀或盖层有效性变差所造成,加里东末期的构造运动造成了下组合油气藏第一次规模性破坏;燕山期以来扬子周缘强烈的构造挤压,是四川盆地以外海相油气藏破坏的主要因素;燕山期发生在中下扬子、江南雪峰隆起以及滇黔桂地区广泛的岩浆侵入,是引起这些地区油气藏破坏的重要因素。According to statistics of destroyed hydrocarbon reservoir, natural asphalt, oil and gas seepage and evidence, with studies of basic geological factors which influenced hydrocarbon accumulation and destruction, it was summarized in this paper the destruction types and the distribution of marine hydrocarbon reservoirs in South China. The destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs was divided into 6 types： fault-rupturing, reservoir-uplifting, cracking for deep subsidence, magmatic process, fold-alternating and fluid-washing, among which the former 4 types were common. The main factors for hydrocarbon reservoir destructions in the study area were erosions or invalidations of cap rocks caused by tectonic activities. At the end of the Caledonian Movement, the lower reservoirs were destroyed in large scale for the first time. Since the Yanshan Movement, fierce tectonic compressions had taken place around the Yangtze block, resulting in destructions for marine hydrocarbon reservoirs in South China except for the Sichuan Basin. Magmatic processes in the middle-lower Yangtze, the Jiangnan-Xuefeng Uplift as well as Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi Provinces during the Yanshan Movement caused reservoir destructions in the region.

关 键 词：古油藏 盖层 油气保存 海相地层 中国南方 

分 类 号：TE122.34[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]