效益下降抑或增收差异:农业合作化后农民退社原因再研究——基于1955-1956年合作社中各阶层农户收入的视角  

The Benefits of Decreased or the Gap of Income:A Further Analysis on the Cause of Dropout Tide after Agricultural Cooperativization—Based on the Household Incomes of Rural China in 1955-1956

作　　者：常明明[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州财经学院西部现代化研究中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国农史》2011年第1期64-73,83,共11页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社科规划基金项目"20世纪50年代前期中国农家收支问题研究"(批准号:10YJA790013);贵州省高层次人才科研条件特助经费项目(TZJF-2009年-34号)阶段性成果

摘　　要：1956年合作化完成之后,除了受灾较为严重的地区,与1955年相比,总体上,该年农户的收入是增加的,但是各阶层农户增收的幅度及增收的户数所占本阶层比重是不一致的。合作化前相对贫困的农户,在合作社中增收的幅度较大,且增收的户数比重也相对较高,因此合作社得到了本阶层绝大多数农户的拥护。在合作化前具有相对较高生产水平的富裕中农和富农阶层增收的比重不大,减收的户数相对较多,进而引起他们中一部分农户的不满,动摇了合作化的信心,这是当时形成退社风潮的重要原因之一。When the agricultural cooperativization completed in 1956,in addition to the disaster of the more polluted areas,compared with 1955,the year farmers income increased as a whole,but every class households income-boosting of amplitude and the proportion of this class was not consistent.The relatively poor farmer before agricultural cooperativization acquired a larger income-boosting in the co-operative,and income-boosting of proportion of this class was relatively higher than others,therefore cooperatives received the support of the overwhelming majority of this class.The CPC＇s theory on well-to-do middle peasant and kulak acquired relatively lower level of proportion of income-boosting,and the numbers of farmer＇s income decreased was relatively more than others,which led to their dissatisfaction and co-operative confidence shaken that a part of the farmers,and which was one of the substantial clause of dropout tide.

关 键 词：高级社 收入分配 退社风潮 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]