华北平原灌溉需水量时空分布及驱动因素  

The distribution and driving factors of irrigation water requirements in the North China Plain

作　　者：马林[1,2] 杨艳敏[1] 杨永辉[1] 肖登攀[1,2] 毕少杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室舸北省节水农业重点实验室,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《遥感学报》2011年第2期324-339,共16页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：中国科学院重大子课题海河流域治理工程生态环境效应遥感监测与评估(编号:KZCX1-YW-08-03-04);国际科技合作项目南水北调受水区水资源管理与农业面源污染控制技术研究(编号:2009DFA21690)~~

摘　　要：采用华北平原14个气象站点2002年—2007年的降水资料、76个站点的0—80cm厚度的土壤参数以及ETWatch系统计算的蒸散发量数据,运用水分平衡原理计算了灌溉需水量的空间分布;利用相关及多元逐步回归分析方法,定量分析了研究区灌溉需水量的主要驱动因素。结果表明:从山前平原到滨海平原,多年平均灌溉需水量分别为282mm(36.1×108m3)、238mm(37.2×108m3)和172mm(9.3×108m3),有逐渐降低的趋势。降雨量、小麦和蔬菜种植面积是影响灌溉需水量的主要驱动因子,降雨量多的年份灌溉需水量显著减少,小麦和蔬菜种植面积较多的区域灌溉需水量较高,而棉花和大豆种植面积较大的区域灌溉需水量较少。In this study,we analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of irrigation water requirements in the North China Plain using soil water balance,precipitation,and evapotranspiration.The soil parameters are taken from 76 sites,the precipitation data is taken from 14 meteorological stations,and evapotranspiration is estimated by using the ETWatch model for the period from 2002 to 2007.We further analyze the quantitative relationships among irrigation water requirement,precipitation and the cultivated crop-area by using multiple regression correlation analysis.The results show an increase in the irrigation water requirements from the coastal to the piedmont regions of the study area.The average annual irrigation water requirements are 172 mm,238 mm and 282 mm,respectively,in the Taihang Mountain piedmont,the middle plain,and the coastal region.The main driving factors of irrigation water requirements are precipitation and the cultivated areas of wheat and vegetables.In the study area,precipitation is inversely related to the irrigation water requirement.A high irrigation water requirement is found in counties with high cultivated areas of wheat and vegetables.Meanwhile,a low irrigation water requirement is found in counties with high cultivated areas of cotton and soybean.

关 键 词：华北平原 ETWatch 蒸散发 灌溉需水量 多元逐步回归 驱动因子 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]