兴化湾海域鱼类多样性的时空变化  

Spatial and temporal distribution on fish diversity in the Xinghua Bay

作　　者：徐兆礼[1] 沈盎绿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2011年第2期416-426,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(90511005);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40776047)

摘　　要：利用2009年1月、2008年4月和9月兴化湾海域(位于福建省沿海中段)鱼类学调查资料,研究兴化湾海域鱼类种类组成、种类数和多样性的时空分布,探索当地地形、地貌、水文环境等因素对鱼类多样性的影响。结果表明,在3次调查中,共鉴定鱼类123种,其中1月47种、4月48种和9月81种。鲈形目种类有51个,占总种类数的41.46%。1月、4月和9月,鱼类质量H′值分别为2.59、1.78和2.65,尾数H′值分别为2.84、2.42和2.42,其中质量H′值的季节变化特征与种类数相同,而尾数H′值冬季最高。1月鱼类的尾数多样性仅与种类数相关(r=0.69,P=0.0145);4月尾数H′仅与尾数密度相关(r=0.62,P=0.0238),9月尾数多样性与种类数和尾数密度均不相关,显示出1月的种类数,4月尾数密度分别是影响鱼类多样性分布的主要因素。种类季节更替率从1月到4月为79.75%。从4月到9月为82.41%。从9月到次年1月为77.88%。兴化湾内湾潮滩地形和径流,不同潮流在中湾交汇,洄游性鱼类去留是影响兴化湾海域鱼类种类和多样性分布的主要因素。Based on the data from 3 oceanographic censuses in the Xinghua Bay in January 2009,April and September 2008,the author discussed the spatial-temporal distribution of number of fish species and diversity involved in some impact factors such as background of topography and hydrological features.Results showed that 123 species were identified among which 47 species occurred in January,48 species in April and 81 species in September.The number of Perciformes species occupied 41.46% of total number.The H＇ in weight in January,April and September separately were 2.59,1.78 and 2.65,while H＇ in individual number were 2.84,2.42 and 2.42 among which seasonal weight H＇ values were similar as seasonal species number while individual H＇ was highest in winter.The individual H＇ was closely related to species number （r=0.69,P=0.014 5,n=47） in January,while related to species density in April（r=0.62,P=0.023 8,n=48）.In September,the H＇ was not related with both species number and density.The species number in January,individual density in April were both key factors affecting on individual H＇.The seasonal species alternations were 79.75% from January to April,82.41% from April to September,and 77.88% from September to January.The pattern of richness and diversity （H＇） were decided by diverse marine topography and runoff in west part of the bay,mixture of tidal waters in the middle bay as well as fish migration in the out bay.

关 键 词：兴化湾 鱼类 多样性 种类组成 季节更替 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]