海河流域景观空间梯度格局及其与环境因子的关系  

Spatial gradients pattern of landscapes and their relations with environmental factors in Haihe River basin

作　　者：赵志轩[1,2] 张彪[2,3] 金鑫[2,4] 翁白莎[1,2] 严登华[2] 鲍淑君[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京100044 [3]河北工程大学城市建设学院,邯郸056038 [4]大连理工大学土木水利学院,大连116023

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第7期1925-1935,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)专题(2006CB403402-3)

摘　　要：基于GIS技术,以海河流域为对象,首先,分别采用Fragstats3.3的标准法和移动视窗法先后分析了流域整体景观格局及其空间分异特征;然后,针对流域本身自然地理梯度特点,分别沿流域纵向(河流流向)梯度和横向(垂直与河流流向)梯度设置了两条样带,应用移动视窗法计算了景观层次下的斑块面积(AREA_MN)、蔓延度指数(CONTAG)、边界密度(ED)、形状指数(LSI)、斑块密度(PD)、多样性指数(SHDI),获得了景观沿两个样带方向的梯度格局;最后,以高程、降水、气温、人口和GDP为环境因子,以上述6个指数值为目标物种,利用去趋势典范对应分析(DCCA)方法研究了景观梯度格局与环境因子的关系。结果表明:2000年海河流域内景观基质为农田,面积占55.9%,流域内景观结构以块状结构为主,并零散分布有圈层和带状(廊道)结构;景观梯度格局在两条样带上均表现为类似的特征,即随景观类型变化呈现不同幅度的波动,两条样带上均存在较为明显的过渡带;DCCA分析表明:景观梯度格局与环境因子关系密切,区域高程、降水量、温度对流域尺度的景观格局起决定性作用,人口数量、GDP则在局部地区对景观格局有着重要影响。The spatial pattern and dynamic evolution of the landscape are jointly influenced by its physical environment,animals and vegetations and human activities on a basin scale.Physical environmental factors including the elevation,climate,hydrology and soil constitute the backdrop of the general landscape pattern formation and evolution.Biological processes exert a significant impact on patch features on a small scale.Human activities,including population growth,economic development and policy factors,play their due roles on any scale. Landscape pattern analysis,a basis of further researches on landscape functions and dynamics,contributes to analyzing spatial distribution characteristics of landscape components in a quantitative manner.During recent years,great developments have been made on researches about indices and models of landscape pattern evolution in a quantitative way.However,little has been known about gradient patterns and its relationship with environmental factors on a basin scale. Gradient analysis,which is conducive to revealing driving forces behind landscape evolutionary processes,can reflect the evolutionary laws of spatial landscape patterns.At present,there is still lack of systematic studies on selections among diversified transects and their reflected differences of calculation results of landscape gradient patterns. During the past two decades,tremendous changes have taken place in its landscape patterns in Haihe River basin.This paper,taking Haihe River Basin as its study area and based on GIS（Geographic Information System） technologies,aims to analyze complete landscape patterns and its spatial differences within the whole basin through standard methods and moving window analysis of Fragstats3.3,and to investigate the relationships between the landscape gradient pattern and environmental factors through detrended canonical correspondence analysis（DCCA）;to obtain gradient patterns of the landscapes,two transects which have been set up along both longitudinal（i.e.along river′s flo

关 键 词：景观 梯度格局 环境因子 去趋势典范对应分析 FRAGSTATS 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]