生物有机肥调控对盐碱胁迫下向日葵幼苗生长及生理指标的影响  

Regulation effects of bioorganic fertilizer on sunflower seedlings growth and leaf physiological indices under salt-alkali stress

作　　者：王善仙[1,2] 刘宛[1] 李培军[1] 詹振楠[1,2] 李晓军[1] 贾春云[1] 宋立超[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110161

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第4期682-688,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-YW-06-03);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向(KZCX2-yw-446)资助;国家自然科学基金重点项目(40930739)

摘　　要：采用盆栽方法,以清洁土壤为对照,研究了盐碱胁迫下不同生物有机肥施用量(0%、2%、4%和8%)对向日葵种子发芽率和出苗率、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,盐碱胁迫(T0)7～28d后,向日葵种子的发芽率及出苗率明显降低,种子出苗时间推迟了3d,幼苗株高、根长、地上部分及根系鲜重、叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量均显著降低(P<0.05),而且幼苗根系对盐碱胁迫的敏感性明显大于地上部;与T0处理相比,生物有机肥施用量分别为2%(T1)、4%(T2)及8%(T3)时,向日葵种子的出苗率分别提高了56.4%(P<0.05)、64.3%(P<0.05)及85.7%(P<0.05),出苗时间提早了2～3d,盐碱胁迫处理7d后,T1、T2和T3处理组幼苗的生长明显增强,叶片中叶绿素含量分别提高了24.4%(P<0.05)、27.2%(P<0.05)和33.2%(P<0.05),可溶性蛋白质含量分别增加了34.4%(P<0.05)、43.6%(P<0.05)和48.8%(P<0.05);随着处理时间的延长,T1、T2和T3处理对幼苗生长及生理指标的抑制作用均表现出不同程度的降低。综上可知,盐碱胁迫条件下,施用2%～8%的生物有机肥可以明显减轻盐碱胁迫对向日葵种子出苗、幼苗生长及生理指标的抑制作用。A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dosages（0%,2%,4%,and 8%）bioorganic fertilizer on the seed germination,emergence rate,seedling growth,and leaf physiological indices of sunflower under salt-alkali stress.As compared with the control,after 7-28 days under salt-alkali stress（T0）,the seed germination rate and emergence rate decreased markedly,seed emergence delayed for 3 days,seedlings shoot-and root length,shoot-and root fresh weight,and leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents decreased significantly（P0.05）,and the roots were much more sensitive than the shoots.As compared with T0,after the application of 2%（T1）,4%（T2）,and 8%（T3）bioorganic fertilizer,the seed emergence rate increased by 56.4%（P0.05）,64.3%（P0.05）,and 85.7%（P0.05）,respectively,and the seed emergence advanced by 2-3 days.After 7 days under salt-alkali stress,the seedling growth in treatments T1,T2,and T3 had an obvious increase,leaf chlorophyll content increased by 24.4%（P0.05）,27.2%（P0.05）,and 33.2%（P0.05）,and leaf soluble protein content increased by 34.4%（P0.05）,43.6%（P0.05）and 48.8%（P0.05）,respectively.When the treated duration prolonged from 7 to 28 days,the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on the seedling growth and the leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein contents in treatments T1,T2,and T3 decreased to some extent.These results indicated that applying 2%-8% bioorganic fertilizer could obviously alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt-alkali stress on the seed emergence,seedling growth,and leaf physiological indices of sunflower.

关 键 词：盐碱胁迫 向日葵 生物有机肥 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]