从“他的老师当得好”看句法中重新分析的必要性  

On the Necessity of Reanalysis:with Special Reference to the Construction "Ta de laoshi dangdehao" (他的老师当得好) in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：潘海华[1] 陆烁[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学中文、翻译和语言学系,中国香港

出　　处：《语言研究》2011年第2期32-40,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：香港政府研究资助局RGCGRF项目(CityU148607,CityU146509)

摘　　要："他的老师当得好"代表一类特殊的汉语句式,其中的主语由"准定中"结构充当。对于这一结构如何生成的问题,文章首先讨论了已有的几种分析方法,并且指出,虽然这些方法都极力避免"重新分析"的句法操作,但实际上都存在某个步骤上的"重新分析"。本文证明,汉语的一些句式在特定的句法、语义、或音韵条件下,存在发生结构重新分析的可能性。我们基于"重新分析"提供了两种新的方法来解释准定中结构。新的解释不但避免旧有分析的各种缺陷,而且更加简单自然,能够一致地解释所有的准定中结构。另外,重新分析的视角还有助于更深入地认识汉语各种"的"字结构。Abstract： This paper examines the Chinese construction ＂Ta de laoshi dangdehao＂（他的老师当得好） in which the logical subject Ta（他） ＇he＇ appears as the possessor of the surface subject （logical object） laoshi（老师） ＇teacher＇, labeled as a type of＂fake＂ possessive construction in the literature. It has been argued in the literature that a reanalysis approach to this construction is not desirable, as it lacks theoretical support. However, after careful examination of all the possible accounts to this construction, we come to realize that all of them make some use of a process similar to reanalysis. Two new plausible accounts are discussed in this paper, and they seem to be more convincing and concise than the previous accounts, though both with a reanalysis process involved. The new accounts not only solve the remaining problems in the previous analyses, but also serve as a convincing argument for the necessity of reanalysis in syntax. Besides, the reanalysis approach can help account for most ＂fake possessive＂ phenomena in Mandarin and may shed light on our understanding of various Chinese ＂de（的）-constructions＂.

关 键 词：准定中结构 重新分析 名物化 “的”字结构 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]