社会距离对他人行为表征的影响:评价内容效价的作用  

The Effect of Social Distance on Representation of Other's Behavior:The Role of Valence of the Content of Evaluation

作　　者：牛忠辉[1] 蒋赛[1] 邱俊杰[1] 申之美[1] 张锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211

出　　处：《应用心理学》2010年第4期291-300,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目(10YJAXJX024)成果;宁波大学研究生科研创新基金(G10JB006);浙江省大学生科技创新活动新苗人才计划(2010R405004)的资助

摘　　要：心理距离的建构水平理论认为,人与人之间的亲密度具有心理距离特性(即社会距离),人们对心理上远距离的客体或事件的表征倾向于采用高水平建构,而对心理上近距离的客体或事件的表征倾向于采用低水平建构。本研究以特质性和行动性行为描述句子为实验材料,通过两个实验考察了社会距离(亲密舍友/公选课上认识的同性同学)对他人正性和负性行为评价的影响,以探讨评价内容效价对于建构水平的心理距离效应的调节作用。实验结果发现:(1)随着社会距离的延伸,被试对社会远距离他人的正性行为更倾向于高水平的特质性表征,但在负性行为上未获得明确的类似效应;(2)相对于社会远距离他人,被试对社会近距离他人正性行为和负性行为的评价分数均较高,提示人际熟悉度对他人行为的表征具有一定的调节作用。The constmal level theory proposes that interpersonal intimacy reflects a social distance, and people con struct more abstract representations （high-level con- struals） of information pertaining to psychologically distant objects or events and more concrete representations （low-level construals） of information pertaining to psychologically distant objects or events. The present study adopted both trait sentences and action sentences as the materials to examine the effect of so- cial distance （close roommate/common classmate in same gender） on representation of others＇ positive and negative action, to investigate the role of valence of the content of evaluation in the psychological distance effect of the construal level. The results showed that （1） as the social distance increases, individuals construct more abstract representations of others in the positive representation, while there is no such effect in the negative representation; （2） Participants show higher scores in the positive and negative representation for the psychologically closer one than the distant one, which implies that interpersonal familiarity may regulate the representation of others＇ behavior.

关 键 词：社会距离 建构水平 他人行为表征 评价效价 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]