古代DNA技术及其在家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用  

Development of ancient DNA techniques and its application in evolutionary study of domestic animals

作　　者：刘冉冉[1] 李宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《科学通报》2011年第7期511-516,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2006CB102100)

摘　　要：家养动物始终伴随着人类文明的发生、发展,其起源和驯化历史一直备受关注.而在其近万年的演化历史中,家养和野生群体间可能发生基因互渗及替代,因此基于现代物种DNA信息进行的历史推断可能存在偏差.近年来,古代生物遗骸中的DNA(古代DNA)获取技术日益成熟,为这类研究开辟了新的途径.本文总结了近年来古代DNA技术研究进展,点评了古代生物遗骸DNA的获取和鉴别方法、古代DNA提取、扩增及测序技术的革新.最后,本文综述了古代DNA技术在猪、马、羊、狗等主要家养动物驯化历史研究中的应用进展,为该技术的进一步发展及应用提供有益的参考.Domestic animals have accompanied the origin and development of human civilization; therefore, the study of their domestication history is important. However, the occurrence of gene flow, or even replacement, among wild or domestic populations has complicated genetic studies tracing the initial domestication and dispersal of modern species. Fortunately, the investigation of DNA from archeological remains （ancient DNA） provides a unique opportunity to unravel these past events. In the present study, the progress of ancient DNA techniques is summarized, including retrieval and evaluation methods, technological innovations in methods of ancient DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. As well, the implications of ancient DNA technology for the evolutionary study of four major domestic animals （pig, horse, sheep, and dog） are reviewed. This review will facilitate the development of ancient DNA techniques and their further applications.

关 键 词：古代DNA 家养动物 驯化历史 

分 类 号：S8-09[农业科学—畜牧兽医]