菲律宾生物多样性现状及其保护策略  

Biodiversity and Its Protection in Philippines

作　　者：刘思慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院林业系

出　　处：《世界林业研究》1999年第4期67-70,共4页World Forestry Research

摘　　要：快速的人口增长和迅速的植被破坏已成为当今菲律宾环境演化的主要趋势。近年滥伐森林已超过１０万ｈｍ２，由于木材采伐、林地遭农田蚕食和森林火灾，降低了森林覆盖率，改变了水文条件；森林砍伐也暗示着乡土植物和乡土动物不可逆转的灭绝，导致了高价值栖息地和平衡生态系统的消失。在过去的３０年间，７０％的原始红树林全部被毁坏，大约６０％的特有种现已灭绝。关于菲律宾的动物，目前又有１８种陆栖脊椎动物被列为濒危种，明多罗水牛（Ｂｕｂａｌｕｓｍｉｎｄｏｒｅｎｓｉｓ）和菲律宾鹰（Ｐｉｔｈｅｃｏｐｈａｇａｊｅｆｅｒｙｉ）正处于灭绝的边缘。所有菲律宾国家公园由于人类的侵蚀已不同程度地降低等级。只有排名世界第三的礁石经调查后情况良好。文中叙述了菲律宾陆地、湿地和海洋的生物多样性，以及当前对生物多样性保护的策略和措施。Abstract Rapid population increase and vegetation decline are the tendency of environment succession in Philippines. 0.1 million hectares of forest is were deforested. Due to timber harvest, exploiting forest for agricultural purpose and forest fire, the forest cover rate declined and the hydrological condition became worse. Overfell causes the extinction of endemic plants and animals and the disappear of high valuable habitat and balanced ecosystem. In the past 30 years, 70% of the virgin mangrove were damaged and 60% of the endemic species extinguished. Newly, 18 terrestrial vertebrate animals are listed as endangered species. Bubalus mindorensis and Pithecophaga jeferyi are on the verge of extinction. All the national parks degraded because of human′s disturbance. The biodiversities of terrene, wetland and marine and strategies and countermeasures of biodiversity protection are described.

关 键 词：生物多样性 菲律宾 保护策略 国家公园 

分 类 号：Q－934.1[生物学] S759.91[农业科学—森林经理学]