大兴安岭呼中林区虫害与火干扰交互作用的长期模拟  

Interaction between pest and fire disturbances in Huzhong area of Great Xing'an Mountains:Long-term simulation.

作　　者：陈宏伟[1] 胡远满常 禹布 仁仓 李月辉[1] 刘淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第3期585-592,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421101);国家自然科学基金项目(31070422,40871245)资助

摘　　要：虫害和林火是森林生态系统的两种主要干扰类型,各种干扰在大时空尺度上存在一定的交互作用.本文采用空间直观景观模型LANDIS模拟虫害和林火在300年内的交互作用.结果表明:虫害干扰降低了细可燃物载量,提高了模拟前期(0～100 a)和中期(100～200 a)的粗可燃物载量,降低了模拟前期和中期的林火频率,不同干扰预案模拟后期(200～300 a)火烧频率的结果比较接近;虫害干扰降低了模拟前期和后期的火烧强度,增加了模拟中期的火烧强度,提高了模拟中期的森林火险等级,降低了模拟前期和后期的火险等级.人类灭火可增加虫害的发生面积,因此建议森林管理部门采取适当的防虫措施,不可只注重灭火,可以采取可燃物去除和计划火烧等方式管理林火,促进森林生态系统的可持续发展.Forest pest and forest fire are the two major disturbances of forest ecosystem,and there exists definite interaction between the disturbances at large spatial and temporal scales.In this paper,the spatially intuitional landscape model（LANDIS） was adopted to simulate the long-term（300 years） interaction between forest pest and forest fire in Huzhong area of Great Xing＇an Mountains.The results showed that pest disturbance decreased the fine fuel load,increased the coarse fuel load at the early（0-100 a） and middle（100-200 a） stages of simulation course,and decreased the fire frequency at the early and middle stages.The fire frequency under different forest pest disturbance scenarios was similar at the later stage（200-300 a） of simulation course.Pest disturbance decreased the fire intensity and fire risk class at the early and later stages,but increased the fire intensity and fire risk class at the middle stage.Fire suppression could increase the occurrence area of forest pest,and thus,it was suggested that forest managers should take appropriate measures to prevent insect pest,not solely with the focus on fire suppression but also adopting the forest fire management measures such as taking off coarse fuel and implementing prescribed fire to ensure the sustainable development of forest ecosystem.

关 键 词：LANDIS 虫害干扰 林火 森林景观 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]