高产夏玉米褐斑病产量损失模型及损失机理  

Yield loss model and yield loss mechanism of high-yielding summer maize infected by Physoderma maydis.

作　　者：吴淑华[1,2] 姜兴印[1,2] 聂乐兴[1,2] 李俊虎[1,2] 张吉旺[3,2] 刘鹏[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [2]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第3期720-726,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD31B04);山东现代农业产业体系项目和公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003)资助

摘　　要：采用田间自然发病、定点标记不同褐斑病病级植株的方法,形成玉米褐斑病不同发病程度的21个小组,利用DPS统计分析软件,采用逐步回归法构建了玉米单穗质量和百粒重的损失估计模型.结果表明:玉米百粒重损失模型为Y=-4.012+0.377X1-0.228X2+0.694X3-0.144X4,穗粒质量损失模型为Y=-4.536+0.173X1+0.188X2+0.248X3-0.034X4(Y为损失率,X1为开花期病情指数,X2为授粉期病情指数,X3为灌浆期病情指数,X4为蜡熟期病情指数).玉米不同生育期的褐斑病病情指数与单穗质量和百粒重损失之间的实测关系与模型模拟结果相符;褐斑病直接影响玉米穗位叶的净光合速率、RuBP羧化酶和PEP羧化酶活性,病级越高,净光合速率及两种酶的活性越低.A total of 21 different disease-grading summer maize groups were formed by fixed-point natural infection of maize brown spot in the field,and mass loss estimation models of single ear mass and 100-grain mass were constructed by stepwise regression with DPS software.The mass loss estimation models of single ear and 100-grain were Y=-4.012＋0.377X1-0.228X2＋0.694X3-0.144X4 and Y=-4.536＋0.173X1＋0.188X2＋0.248X3-0.034X4,respectively,where Y was yield loss rate,X1 was the disease index at flowering stage,X2 was the disease index at pollination stage,X3 was the disease index at filling stage,and X4 was the disease index at dough stage.The measured relationships between the disease indices at different growth stages and the mass loss for single ear and 100-grain coincided well with the modeling results.Maize brown spot directly affected the net photosynthetic rate of ear height leaf and the activities of RuBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase.The higher the disease-grade,the lower the net photosynthetic rate and the activities of the two enzymes were.

关 键 词：玉米褐斑病 产量损失 模型构建 光合速率 光合羧化酶 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]