夏闲期种植翻压绿肥和施氮量对冬小麦生长的影响  

Effect of Green Manure in Summer Fallow Period and Nitrogen Rate on Winter Wheat Growth

作　　者：赵娜[1] 赵护兵[1] 鱼昌为[2] 段长林[2] 李可懿[1] 曹群虎[2] 曹卫东[3] 高亚军[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省长武县农业技术推广中心,陕西长武713600 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]农业部黄土高原农业资源与环境修复重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2010年第12期41-47,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803029);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目(NCET-08-0465);西北农林科技大学"创新团队建设计划"项目;国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项经费资助

摘　　要：利用田间试验,研究夏闲期种植并翻压不同绿肥和不同施氮量对后作冬小麦生长及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与夏季休闲相比,夏闲期间种植绿肥时消耗了较多的土壤水分,冬小麦冬前单株分蘖数和返青期总茎数都有低于休闲处理的趋势,后期成穗数显著低于休闲处理,冬小麦产量和养分累积量均显著下降。种植绿肥可提高冬小麦的收获指数与千粒质量。夏闲期种植绿肥后,减氮处理(108 kg/hm2)与正常供氮处理(135 kg/hm2)相比,冬小麦产量不仅没有降低,反而有增加趋势。与休闲处理相比,夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥提高了小麦氮肥利用率。Experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of leguminous green manures incorporation and N rate on winter wheat growth and nutrient uptake in summer fallow period.The results showed that more soil moisture was consumed during green manures growth period.The winter wheat tillers number before winter and total shoot number in turning-green stage of green manure treatments was less than summer fallow treatment,resulting in the significant decrease of spike number of green manure treatments compared to summer fallow treatment,which was the direct cause of reduction of yield and nutrients uptake of winter wheat when leguminous crops were planted and incorporated into soil in summer fallow period.Harvest index and 1000-kernel weight were increased due to green manure incorporation.When leguminous crops were planted and incorporated into soil in summer fallow period,N rate 108 kg/hm2（reduced rate） treatment showed higher wheat yield than that of N rate 135 kg/hm2（common rate） treatment.N use efficiency by wheat of green manure treatments was higher than that of summer fallow treatment.

关 键 词：绿肥 施氮量 冬小麦 产量 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]