基质和覆盖对观赏草容器苗越冬的影响  

Effect of Substrates and Covering on Winter Survival of Ornamental Grasses Container Seedlings

作　　者：袁小环[1] 滕文军[1] 杨学军[1] 武菊英[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《华北农学报》2011年第1期172-176,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：北京农作物种质资源创新项目(Z09090501040902);北京市科技计划项目(Z09050600630901)

摘　　要：越冬是观赏草容器苗生产的关键环节,选择北京地区有代表性的5种观赏草,研究了基质和覆盖对其容器苗越冬的影响。试验结果表明,草炭改善了基质的物理性质,随着草炭含量增加,基质的含水量、田间持水量和孔隙度升高,容重降低。覆盖有效提高了基质的含水量,使观赏草容器苗提前萌芽,促进效果从大到小依次为塑料、覆膜无纺布、无纺布。5种观赏草的耐寒性从强到弱为拂子茅、狼尾草、野古草和须芒草、细叶芒。拂子茅、狼尾草、野古草和须芒草的容器苗不需覆盖可越冬,基质对其萌芽没有明显影响。对于耐寒性较差的细叶芒,基质影响裸露容器苗的越冬萌芽率,采取园土与草炭同体积配制的基质有利于细叶芒种苗越冬。细叶芒的容器苗需要采取覆盖防寒措施。因为揭开塑料后萌出的叶片可能凋萎,建议采取覆膜无纺布或无纺布作为覆盖材料。Ornamental grasses are a kind of new landscape plant.Recently lots of ornamental grasses cultivars have been introduced and developed for greening.Winter survival is an important sector for production of ornamental grasses container seedlings.Five representative ornamental grasses of Beijing area are singled to study the effect of substrates and covering on winter survival of their container seedlings.Results showed that peat improved the physical characteristics of substrates.With peat content increased,water content,field moisture capacity and porosity increased,and bulk density decreased.Covering increased water content of substrates and advanced sprouting of the container seedlings,with the order of plastic,laminated non woven and non woven.Five ornamental grasses were sorted by cold resistance as Calamagrostis brachytricha,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Arundinella hirta and Andropogon scoparius,and Miscanthus sinensis′ Gracillimus′.Container seedlings of C.brachytricha,P.alopecuroides,A.hirta and A.scoparius survived after the winter without covering and substrates did not influence their sprouting.For tender M.sinensis ′Gracillimus′,substrates influenced the sprouting rate of container seedlings.Substrate mixed with the same volume of topsoil and peat was beneficial for M.sinensis ′Gracillimus′ seedlings to survive the winter.Covering is necessary for container seedlings of M.sinensis Gracillimus′.Because new leaves may fade after plastic is revealed,laminated non woven and non woven are suggested to cover the container seedlings.

关 键 词：野古草 狼尾草 拂子茅 须芒草 细叶芒 草炭 萌芽 耐寒 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]