行距对两种穗型冬小麦品种碳氮运转及籽粒氮素输入特征的影响  

Effects of Row Spacing on Carbon and Nitrogen Transportation, Grain Nitrogen Input in Winter Wheat

作　　者：冯伟[1] 管涛[1] 冯晓[2] 朱云集[1] 郭天财[1] 康国章[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《华北农学报》2011年第1期181-186,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD02A07);河南省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目(2009A210009)

摘　　要：为不同穗型小麦品种选择各自适宜的行距配置方式提供理论依据,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了行距配置对两种穗型小麦品种花后光合物质和氮素积累及转运的影响,明确了小麦籽粒灌浆期植株氮素向籽粒输入特征及品种间差异。结果表明,花后光合产物向籽粒的输入量及对籽粒贡献率兰考矮早八为随行距增加呈先增加后减少变化,20 cm行距最大,豫麦49则随行距增大而减小。两品种花前营养器官贮藏物质总运转量及其对粒重贡献率表现随行距扩大而增加,兰考矮早八和豫麦49的运转率分别以15 cm和20 cm行距最高。兰考矮早八营养器官氮素总运转量以行距15 cm最大,其次为20 cm行距,运转率为窄行距处理大于宽行距处理;豫麦49营养器官氮素总运转量为10 cm行距最大,其次25 cm行距,运转率为宽行距处理大于窄行距处理,器官间存在差异。兰考矮早八的籽粒氮素积累量与氮素输入持续期(S)和平均输入速率(V)关系密切,且均以窄行距15 cm行距表现最优,而豫麦49籽粒氮素输入量主要受氮素输入速率(V、Vmax和Vs)制约,宽行距(20 cm)具有很好的调节效应。Field plot experiments were carried out to examine the effects of row spacing on carbon and nitrogen transportation,nitrogen input to grain in winter wheat with two spike types on the farm of Henan Agricultural University during 2006-2007.The results showed that the assimilation accumulation after anthesis and contribution of assimilation accumulation to grain weight firstly increased and then decreased with reaching peak value at 20 cm row spacing in large-spike wheat Lankaoaizao8,and gradually decreased in multi-spike wheat Yumai49 with row spacing increasing.The assimilation stored before anthesis and contribution of assimilation stored to grain weight increased with row spacing increasing in two spike types culticars,with the highest shoot assimilation translocation rate at the treatment of 15 cm row spacing in Lankaoaizao8 and 20 cm row spacing in Yumai49.All shoot N translocation amount was the highest at 15 cm row spacing and next at 20 cm row spacing,with higher value of wider row spacing than narrower row spacing for all shoot N translocation rate in Lankaoaizao8.All shoot N translocation amount was the highest at 10 cm row spacing and next at 25 cm row spacing,with higher value of narrower row spacing than wider row spacing for all shoot N translocation rate in Yumai49.There was a significant correlation between grain N accumulation and grain N input duration（S）and the average rate of grain N input（V）with the longest grain N input duration and highest average rate of grain N input at 15 cm row spacing.The grain N accumulation mostly depend ed on N input rate such as the average rate of grain N input（V）,the highest rate of grain N input（Vmax）and the grain N input rate in valid grain N input duration（Vs）,with the highest N input rate at 20 cm row spacing.

关 键 词：冬小麦 行距 物质运转 氮素输入 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]