小流域面源污染减控措施优化管理  

Optimal Non-Point Source Pollution Control Practices for a Small Watershed

作　　者：杨育红[1,2] 阎百兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春130012 [2]华北水利水电学院水利学院,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第2期11-15,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB407205);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-13);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-03-01);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD31B00)

摘　　要：以长春市重要饮用水源地石头口门水库的莫家沟小流域为研究区,选择横垄耕作、修建梯田、退耕还林、化肥减施和人工湿地5种措施进行磷素削减处理,共计21个措施组合方案;以实施措施的费用最小为目标函数,以水库水质TP浓度和采用不同措施的土地面积为约束条件,建立小流域出口水质优化管理模型。模拟计算3个阶段的可行性最优方案分别为:2011—2020年,选取措施为施肥量不变,现状梯田面积不变,坡度≤5°的耕地采取横垄耕作,其他退耕还林;2021—2030年,在第一阶段实施方案的基础上,新建人工湿地0.03 km2;2031—2050年,全部农田原位退耕还林,保持人工湿地面积不变,最终实现入库水质ρ(TP)≤0.01 mg.L-1的目标。化肥减施和梯田建设面积是影响方案选择的主要因素。Mojiagou Watershed was chosen to study small watershed comprehensive control.It is one subbasin in Shitoukoumen Reservoir Watershed which is the important drinking water source for Changchun City,the capital city of Jilin Province.Five structural management practices,i.e.contour farming,terrace cultivation,grain to green,chemical fertilizer reduction,and constructed wetland,are selected to reduce pollution loads.The optimal management complete model consists of two interacting components： an objective function and many constraints.The objective function is to minimize the measure construction cost.The constraints are： the reservoir water quality standards,the area to be transformed and nonnegative.The decisive factors are： the area constructed with terraces and the fertilizer applied.The optimal management model is used to simulate pollutant concentration in Mojiagou Watershed under three stages of twenty-one possible schemes.The resulting practical scenarios for three stages are achieved.In 2011 to 2020,the concentration for TP can meet grade Ⅲ standard（≤0.05 mg·L-1） in reservoir when the corn fields of less than five degree in gradient are farmed along the contour line,terrace area no change and other fields turn grain to green.To attain TP grade Ⅱ（≤0.025 mg·L-1） in 2021 to 2030,there is a need of 0.03 km2 constructed wetland based on the first strategy.With all corn fields be turned to grow trees and no fertilizer application,the water quality will meet TP grade Ⅰ standard in 2031 to 2050.The modeling framework developed（≤0.01 mg·L-1） in the present study is an efficient tool for planning a watershed-wide implementation of pollution control practices for mitigating runoff pollution impact on the receiving water bodies.

关 键 词：面源污染 优化管理模型 管理方案 小流域 TP 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]