沙质海岸带木麻黄林与天然林主要种群的生态位特征比较  

Comparison Between Casuarina equisetifolia Forest and Natural Forest on Sandy Coast in Niche Characteristics

作　　者：高伟[1] 叶功富[2] 游水生[1] 韩孟孟[1] 杜林梅[1] 辛秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350001 [2]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第2期35-40,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302);福建省科技重点计划(2008N0002);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室;福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项目

摘　　要：通过样地调查比较分析了沙质海岸带木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)林与天然林主要种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠这2种重要的生态位特征。结果表明,依照各种群在2种林分中生态位宽度的变化,可将其划分为生态位扩展型、衰退型、敏感型和稳定型4个种群类型;天然林中的演替优势种在木麻黄林的灌木种群中已有较大数量的分布,且具有较大的生态位宽度值,但由于人工林生态位分化不良,种间竞争相对激烈,群落组成不稳定;天然林中大部分乡土树种生态位宽度较之在木麻黄林中大为增加,但除敏感型种群和潺槁木姜子(Litsea glutinosa)、雀梅藤(Sageretia thea)以外,天然林中其他种群的生态位重叠值较之在木麻黄林中有所降低,说明经过长期的协同进化,天然林种间生态位分化程度高,竞争相对缓和。总体来看,以乡土树种为优势种的天然林生态位配置比人工林更优化,对维持群落的稳定更有意义,因此实现乡土树种与木麻黄的合理配置对建设稳定型沿海防护林体系具有重要的参考价值。Based on field investigations of sample lots,comparison of Casuarina equisetifolia forest was done with the major species groups of natural forest on sandy coast in two important niche characteristics,i.e.niche breadth and niche overlap.Results show that according to the variation of niche breadth of each species group in the two forests,the main species groups could be devided into 4 types,i.e.niche expanding,niche recessing,niche stable and niche sensitive.The dominant species in the succession of the natural forest were also widely distributed in the understory of the Casuarina equisetifolia forest,with quite a large niche breadth,but as the niches in artificial forests were not well differentiated,interspecies competitions were severe and the formation of community was not stable.The niche breadth of most native tree species was wider in the natural forest than in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest,but the niche overlap of the other species groups,except for Litsea glutinosa,Sageretia thea and some niche sensitive species groups,was somewhat lower in the natural forest than in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest,which indicates that after long time of concerted evolution,the niche differentiation was high,and the competition among species groups was not so strong in the natural forest.On the whole,niche disposition was more optimal in the native-species-dominated natural forest than in the Casuarina equisetifolia forest,which is more meaningful to stability of the community,therefore realization of rational disposition of native species and Casuarina equisetifolia is of some important reference value to construction of stable coastal shelter forest system.

关 键 词：木麻黄 天然林 生态恢复 演替 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：S792.93[农业科学—林木遗传育种]