喀斯特山区混播草地草本植物的光合特性  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Herbaceous Plants in the Mixed Sward of Guizhou Karst Mountainous Area

作　　者：赵相勇[1] 吴佳海[1] 杨菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省草业科学研究所,贵州独山558200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2011年第3期46-49,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目"贵州喀斯特山区草地生态系统健康评价体系研究"[黔科合J字(2008)2074];贵州省农科院人才项目"贵州人工草地放牧生态系统健康评价体系研究"[黔农科合08010];科技厅创新能力建设项目"牧草良种繁育及高效栽培技术创新能力建设"[黔科合院所创能(2009)4013]

摘　　要：为了解混播草地草本植物的光合特性,用Li-6400型便携式光合仪观察白三叶/多年生黑麦草混播人工草地中4种草本植物的光合特性。结果表明:4种草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度日变化均为双峰型,有明显的光合"午休"现象,其中白三叶(Trifolium repens)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和宿根画眉草(Eragrostis perenans)的光合"午休"现象由非气孔限制因素引起;毛花雀稗的光合"午休"现象由气孔限制和非气孔限制因素引起,而气孔限制因素占主导。蒸腾速率"午休"主要由气孔出现部分关闭所致。毛花雀稗和宿根画眉草比白三叶和多年生黑麦草有相对较高的水分利用率,因此,通过灌溉可以提高白三叶/多年生黑麦草混播人工草地的产量和减少其退化,同时在土壤水分保持力较差的喀斯特山区建植白三叶/多年生黑麦草混播人工草地,毛花雀稗和宿根画眉草是其主要的演替草种。The photosynthetic characteristics of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne,Eragrostis perenans and Paspalum dilatum conducted by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic instrument showed that the net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the four herbaceous plants were double-peak curves with ＂midday rest＂ phenomenon.the ＂midday rest＂ phenomenon of Trifolium repens,Lolium perenne and Eragrostis perenans was mainly affected by non-stomata limiting factors while that of Paspalum dilatum was affected by stomata limiting factors.The ＂midday rest＂ phenomenon was due to the partial closure of stomata.The water use efficiency of Paspalum dilatum and Eragrostis perenans were significantly higher than that of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne.Therefore,mixed sward of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne production could be improved and its degradation could be reduced by irrigation,at the same time,Paspalum dilatum and Eragrostis perenans are the main alternative to grass in mixed sward of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne in Karst mountainous area,where the soil moisture retention capacity was poor.

关 键 词：人工草地 净光合速率 气孔导度 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]