清前期平民领照渡台的范围探析——兼议限制渡台政策的转变及其原因  

On the Restrictive Policy to Move to Taiwan in the Early Qing Dynasty:the Change and Its Reasons

作　　者：陈忠纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第2期76-84,共9页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"闽粤移民与台湾社会历史发展"(08JJDGAT249)

摘　　要：清前期的领照渡台制度,初期仅以防止"奸民"渡台为目的,家眷渡台可能还未被严厉禁止。康熙五十年前后,由于担心渡台人口增长过快,提出限制"无产业无家室"的单身民人渡台,清廷对于领照开始有更明确要求。雍正二年前后开始严格禁止偷渡,领照内容更加细化。此后直到乾隆五十三年几乎禁止新的民人渡台。清廷严禁民人渡台的原因,一是担心台湾人口超过其所能承受的限度;二是怀疑冒险渡台的闽粤穷苦民人品行非良,人数过多将致"无穷之害"。朱一贵起义更加重这一判断。林爽文起义被镇压后,福康安等人的实地调查让清廷比较客观地认识台湾与民人渡台问题,重新允许单身无业民人渡台,并允许搬眷。至此,领照渡台制度的内容基本稳定下来,直到牡丹社事件后被放弃。The system of officially allowing people to go to Taiwan with passports in the early Qing dynasty was established to prevent villains from landing on the isolated island. At the time, the officials were allowed to take their families to Taiwan. Around 1711, bachelors, especially the tramps, were barred from moving and there were more requirements for granting the passport. Around 1724, the officials began to forbid civilian to stealthily cross the straight, and they were more strict with granting the passports. Until 1788, the official had hardly issued any permits to go, except some Taiwan residents to take their families back home once in a while. The government was afraid that the population of Taiwan would exceed the limit of the island＇s capability, and the poor people from Fujian and Guangdong were rather rude and the overabundance of the population would cause troubles. This thought was confirmed by Zhu Yi - gui＇s revolt. After Lin Shuang - wen ＇ revolt was suppressed, Emperor Qianlong began to know more about the Taiwan and its immigrants. The officials allowed bachelors to ferry across to Taiwan and Taiwan residents to take their families back. The system of ferrying across to Taiwan with passport was fixed and not discarded until Muanshe accident.

关 键 词：领照渡台制度 搬眷渡台 台湾人口 偷渡 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K295.58[历史地理—中国史]