播种深度和播后淹水时间对冬小麦出苗率及冬前幼苗质量的影响  

Sowing Depth and Waterlogging Time after Wheat Sowing Affect on Germination Rate and Seedling Quality before Winter

作　　者：刘鑫[1] 尹承苗[1] 李慧[1] 李娜娜[1] 石玉华[1] 徐凤娇[1] 田奇卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第3期189-194,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程"黄淮东部小麦玉米两熟丰产高效技术集成研究与示范"(2006BAD02A09)

摘　　要：探讨淹水时间和播深对不同小麦品种出苗率及冬前幼苗健壮程度的影响,为秋种时易涝麦田合理播深提供依据;在池栽控制条件下,采用4个不同类型品种对播深和淹水时间的响应进行研究,结果表明:播种后淹水1～4天,可导致5种播深TN18的平均出苗率降低22.43%,越冬期单株干物重降低21.56%;JM20分别降低23.43%和18.46%;SN8355分别降低9.66%和19.86%;LM14分别降低6.21%和23.20%;说明淹水对两品种TN18和JM20出苗率的影响显著低于SN8355和LM14。淹水可使3cm地温降低0.47℃,5cm降低1.15℃。在淹水时间相等条件下,随播种深度的增加,对出苗率和幼苗质量的影响逐渐增大;在播深相同时,淹水时间越长影响越大。在播深2～6cm范围内,播种越浅出苗率和越冬期单株干物重越高,淹水对其的影响也越小,浅播是降低易涝地区渍涝灾害的有效措施;但由于浅播分蘖节基本处在2cm处,不利于抗寒和抗旱,因而该结果仅适于渍涝麦田应用。To explore sowing depth and waterlogging time after wheat sowing how to affect germination rate and seedling strong levels before winter,so as to provide the basis of reasonable autumn sowing depth to waterlogging areas;In the pond,using four different varieties to study the response of sowing depth and waterlogging time under controll condition.Results showed that：water logging for 1 to 4 days after sowing can led to the average germination rate of five different sowing depths of TN18 decreased by 22.43%,winter dry matter decreased by 21.56%;JM20 decreased by 23.43% and 18.46%;SN8355 decreased by 9.66% and 19.86% ;LM14 decreased by 6.21% and 23.20% ;the effects of waterlogging on TN18 and JM20 are significantly lower than that on the SN8355 and LM14.Waterlogging can reduce 3 cm soil temperature by 0.47℃,5 cm soil temperature by 1.15℃.When the waterlogging time is equal,with the increase of sowing depth,waterlogging influence germination rate and seedling quality more and more strongly;when sowing depth is the same,with the increase of waterlogging time,the influence of waterlogging increase.When the sowing depth is in the range from 2 cm to 6 cm,shallow sowing can make germination rate and seedling quality higher,and reduce the effect on waterlogging,so shallow sowing is one of effective measures to treat waterlogging in waterlogging areas.However,shallow sowing makes the tillering node basically in 2 cm,not conducive to resistance freezing and drought,so the results are only suitable for waterlogging areas.

关 键 词：冬小麦 播种深度 渍水时间 出苗率 幼苗质量 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]