基于土地氮磷承载力的区域畜禽养殖总量控制研究  

A Study on the Total Quantity Control of Regional Livestock Rising:Based on the N/P Capacity of Land

作　　者：王奇[1] 陈海丹[1] 王会[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第3期279-284,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"沿湖地区农业面源污染阻控关键技术研究"资助(2007BAD87B01)

摘　　要：为了减轻畜禽粪便对中国水环境质量带来的巨大压力,需要探讨对区域畜禽养殖进行总量控制的必要性。首先从理论上分析了对区域畜禽养殖进行总量控制的必要性,其次基于耕地面积对中国及各省畜禽养殖的允许总量进行了初步估算,通过与其实际总量进行比较探讨总量控制的现实必要性。理论上,针对某一区域的畜禽粪便污染,基于从源头减少畜禽粪便产生较为困难、现有处理技术对畜禽粪便氮磷去除效果有限、畜禽粪便或者其处理剩余物难以长距离转移、土地对氮磷的承载力有限等基本条件,提出了区域畜禽养殖应进行总量控制的基本思路。实证分析则表明:2007年,以氮素为基准,全国畜禽养殖允许总量为25.03亿头猪当量,总量使用率为64.39%;以磷素为基准,全国畜禽养殖允许总量为13.68亿头猪当量,总量使用率为100.20%。分省来看,以氮素和磷素为基准,分别有5个和17个省份的实际总量超过其允许总量。因此,从畜禽粪便污染控制角度来看,对部分省份以及重点区域进行畜禽养殖总量控制非常紧迫。In order to reduce the pressure on the water quality by livestock feces,it was necessary to analyze whether it was essential to control the total quantity of the livestock in a region.First the necessity of total quantity control was analyzed theoretically,and then the permitted amounts of livestock in China and the provinces were calculated according to the arable land area,which were compared with the actual amounts to find out whether it was essential to control the total quantity in some areas.Theoretically,based on these four conditions,the difficulty to reduce the feces emission by livestock,the limit effect on N/P removal of the current manure treatment technologies,the high cost to transport the feces,and the limit N/P capacity of the land,the total quantity control of regional livestock rising was proposed.It was shown that by the case study,in 2007,based on N（P）,the permitted amount of livestock in China was 2.50（6.44）billion standard pigs which was used by 64.39%（100.20%）and there were 5（17）provinces where the actual amounts were over the permitted amounts.It was concluded that it was urgent to control the amount of rising livestock in some provinces and special areas.

关 键 词：畜禽养殖 总量控制 允许总量 氮磷承载力 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]