京郊农田不同植被的土壤风蚀模数比较  

Comparation of Soil Erosion Modulus between Different Vegetation Farmland around Beijing Suburb

作　　者：李琳[1] 杜玲[2] 王俊英[1] 周吉红[1] 刘永霞[1] 刘国明 赵静 

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100096 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [3]北京市顺义区农业科学研究所,北京101300

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第3期457-461,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市农业科技项目(20080810);2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028);北京都市农业学科群建设项目(XK100190553)

摘　　要：为了研究京郊地区农田植被土壤风蚀变化规律,提出京郊防尘的农作制度,笔者采用野外风洞原位测试方法定量评价北京周边不同植被冬春季节的土壤风蚀状况。结果表明:植被覆盖在冬春季可以明显降低农田土壤风蚀量,5种植被均表现为100cm的土壤风蚀模数略大于20cm的。在风速20m/s的条件下,3月中旬冬小麦、小黑麦的农田抗风蚀能力>紫花苜蓿>油菜、菠菜;小黑麦和冬小麦分别在20cm和100cm处地表抗风蚀能力强。4月中旬菠菜的农田抗风蚀能力>油菜>紫花苜蓿>冬小麦、小黑麦、小黑麦和冬小麦分别在20cm地和100cm抗风蚀能力最弱。翻耕地比免耕地风蚀模数高,其中留根茬翻耕地最高,立秆免耕最低;3月份秸秆粉碎免耕风蚀模数大于留根茬免耕,4月份则相反。不同植被下土壤风蚀模数与土壤含水量呈负相关,且随着土层的增加相关系数逐渐降低;不同秸秆残茬处理下土壤风蚀模数与5～10cm土层含水量和土壤覆盖度相关性较高,且均呈负相关。一年两作区越冬作物能提高土壤抗风蚀力;春玉米区立秆免耕抗风蚀里最强,免耕和秸秆还田等也均能提高土壤抗风蚀力。To study the soil erosion changes under different vegetation farmland around Beijing suburb and propose dust farming systems in Beijing suburb,the research was carried out on the farm land surface by means of the movable wind tunnel in order to evaluate quantitatively erosion effects of different farm land.The results showed：vegetation cover could significantly reduce the amount of soil erosion in the winter and spring,When wind speed was constantly 20 m/s,the anti-erosion ability of five vegetations in the middle of March were Winter wheat and triticalealfalfaspinach and rape,winter wheat highest on 20 cm to the surface,triticale highest on 100 cm to the surface,and rape lowest on 20 cm,spinach lowest on 100 cm.When comed to the middle of April,the anti-erosion ability of five vegetations were spinachrapealfalfa winter wheat and triticale,triticale lowest on 20 cm,winter wheat lowest on 100 cm.The soil erosion modulus of five vegetations showed the same modulus,100 cm＇s outweigh 20 cm＇s slightly.In different treatment of straw and stubble on the topsoil,erosion modulus in over arable land was higher than no-tillage land,and remaining stubble over arable farmland showed highest,pole stand land showed lowest.The erosion modulus in straw chopping tillage was greater than the remaining stubble tillage,while reversed in April.Vegetation cover,no-tillage and stubble returned could reduce the amount of soil erosion in the winter and spring.

关 键 词：风蚀模数 植被覆盖 北京郊区 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]