双季稻种植下洞庭湖区不同类型土壤连续施用控释氮肥的效应研究  

Effect of Continuous Applying Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in Various Types of Soil of Dong-Ting Lake Region under Double Rice Cropping System

作　　者：鲁艳红[1,2,3] 廖育林[1,2,3] 谢坚[1,3] 戴平安[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,长沙410128 [3]农业部望城水稻土生态环境重点野外观测实验站,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第7期170-176,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B08);湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2010hnnkycx56)

摘　　要：在洞庭湖区3种主要类型土壤上进行连续4年的微区试验,研究水稻控释氮肥在双季水稻种植体系下的连续施用效应。试验设不施肥(CK)、尿素、等N量控释氮肥及70%N量控释氮肥4个处理。结果表明,等N量控释氮肥处理产量最高,在河沙泥、紫潮泥和红黄泥上平均比尿素处理分别增产10.3%、8.0%和2.4%,70%N量控释氮肥处理分别增产6.1%、2.6%和-0.8%;在3种土壤上早、晚稻及全年平均吸N量均表现为等N量控释氮肥>70%N量控释氮肥>尿素>对照。等N量控释氮肥处理在上述3种土壤上的肥料利用率分别为60.7%、59.6%和56.3%,比尿素处理分别高23.8%、19.4%和16.3%,早稻随施用年份的延长其利用率呈增加趋势,且高于70%N量控释氮肥处理,晚稻连施3年时利用率由上升转呈下降。连续施用控释氮肥可缓解土壤氮素肥力和有机碳含量的下降,特别是在河沙泥稻田中。施用控释氮肥有利于水稻增产、氮肥利用率的提高及土壤培肥。Effects of continuous applying controlled release nitrogen fertilizer under double rice cropping system were studied by modeling 3 types of paddy soils in Dong-Ting Lake area using micro-plot trials for 4 years.4 treatments as no fertilizer （CK）,urea,controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） and 70% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （70% CRNF） were designed.The results showed that the yield in treatments with controlled release nitrogen fertilizer （CRNF） at N 150 kg/hm 2 were increased by 10.3% ,8.0% and 2.4% compared with CF treatment,in alluvial loamy paddy soil （ALS）,purple calcareous clayed paddy soil （PCS）,and reddish yellow clayed paddy soil （RYS）,respectively,and the yield in treatments with 70% CRNF were increased by 6.1% ,2.6% and -0.8% ,respectively.The ranking order of nitrogen uptake amount by plant in early rice and late rice were CRNF 70% CRNF Urea CK in all 3 types of soils.Nitrogen utilization efficiency of CRNF in above 3 types of soils were 60.7%,59.6% and 56.3%,increased by 23.8%,19.4% and 16.3% compared with CF,respectively.Fertilizer use efficiency of CRNF in early rice were higher than of 70% CRNF during the whole experiment stage,while it in late rice turned from increase to decrease at the 3 rd year.Continuous application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer could alleviate decreasing rate of soil nitrogen fertility and organic carbon,especially in alluvial loamy paddy soil.The results indicated that application controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could promote soil fertility,increase rice yield and fertilizer-N use efficiency in double-rice cropping system.

关 键 词：双季稻 控释氮肥 连续施肥 产量 养分利用率 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]