欧美国家地下水硝酸盐污染防治研究进展  

Progress of Groundwater Nitrate Pollution and its Alleviating Methods in European and American Countries

作　　者：吴雨华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第8期284-290,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"支持(2008ZX07425-001-01-03)

摘　　要：中国地下水硝酸盐污染状况严重,如何预防与治理意义非常重大;为了更好地借鉴欧美发达国家预防治理地下水硝酸盐污染的成功经验,文章在大量检索国外相关科技文献基础上,采用文献研究法对欧美地下水硝酸盐污染状况、预防措施及治理方法进行了比较分析。结果表明欧美国家针对地下水小范围点源硝酸盐污染清除技术主要有离子交换法、反向渗透法和生物脱氮法等;针对地下水大面积点源硝酸盐污染治理运用的比较多的技术是针对含水土层进行原位脱氮,通常包括在水井中添加液体有机碳化合物或者是在地下利用含有机碳材料制作渗透反应墙来进行硝酸盐清除;欧美国家针对地下水硝酸盐面源污染主要采用源头控制的对策,强调在全流域范围内通过农田最佳养分管理等农业措施消减氮总量;欧美国家地下水硝酸盐污染状况普遍存在、相关法律规则制定全面而且较为注重污染发生前的监测与预防工作,污染的治理因地制宜,对点源污染和面源污染实行分类控制。In view of the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water nitrate in China is grave,how to control it is very important.In order to use the experience of developed countries for reference;on the basis of searching a lot of foreign information,making use of documents compare method,the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water and its preventive measures and control methods were described in this article.Treatment methods commonly available to small areas to reduce nitrate levels,including anion exchange,reverse osmosis and bio-denitrification etc.The stimulation of in situ denitrification in aquifers was another approach to nitrate remediation that has been implemented,particularly in Europe.A second approach to in situ denitrification was the use of permeable reactive subsurface barriers amended with organic carbon solids.There were indications that the nitrate pollution in ground water in European and American was general,laws and regulations were overall and preventive measures before pollution was very important.Nitrate remediation was suited measures to local conditions.Different measures of source controlling have been applied.

关 键 词：地下水 硝酸盐污染 防治 进展 

分 类 号：X56[环境科学与工程—环境工程]