中国秸秆废弃焚烧与资源化利用的经济与环境分析  

The Economic and Environmental Analysis of Crop Residues Burning and Reutilization in China

作　　者：冯伟[1] 张利群[1] 庞中伟[1] 郭淑珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部规划设计研究院农副产品加工研究所,北京100125

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第6期350-354,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业科技成果转化基金项目(2009GB23260446)

摘　　要：本研究就农作物秸秆资源废弃焚烧与资源化利用的经济效益与环境效益问题进行了分析和讨论。研究系统归纳了国内学术界有关秸秆焚烧现状、原因、危害以及秸秆资源化利用的经济和环境效益等方面文献。研究显示,秸秆废弃焚烧已成为中国显著的环境和社会问题,而农户之所以会焚烧秸秆是由于收获和利用秸秆的机会成本过高,且收益较低;秸秆发电、秸秆气化集中供气等新型秸秆资源化利用技术的环境效益明显,但经济效益受技术、原料、市场等因素影响存在不确定性;秸秆收储运成本高及相关体系不完善,成为制约秸秆规模化利用的关键因素。总体上看,现有技术的综合效益不明显,这限制了中国秸秆资源化利用水平的提高,急需政府扶持以进一步推动相关领域的技术创新。The paper discussed the issues on economical and environmental benefits of crop residues burning off or reutilization.The study systematically summarized the domestic academic researches on the causes and hazards of crop residues burning off,and economical and environmental benefits of their utilization,etc.The results showed that crop residues burning off had been become a significant environmental and social problem in China,and the reason that farmers burned off crop residues was always the too high opportunity cost and the low returned to harvest and reutilize crop residues;the environmental benefits of crop residues reusing technologies,such as straw power generation system and straw gasification system,was evident,but the economical benefits were uncertain,affected by technology,raw materials,market and other factors;while the key constraints to large-scale reutilization of crop residues were the high cost of harvesting,storage and transportation and the imperfect relevant systems.Overall,the insignificant comprehensive benefits of existing technology had restricted the reutilization of crop residues in China,which meant the government＇s support to promote further technological innovation of related areas was quite necessary.

关 键 词：农作物秸秆 秸秆焚烧 资源化利用 经济效益 环境效益 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F303.4[经济管理—产业经济]