甜瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的筛选及大田防效试验  

Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria to Melon Fusarium Wilt and Their Biocontrol Effect in Fields

作　　者：田永永[1] 陈立[1] 谢云[1] 李茂毅[1] 陈五岭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第5期367-371,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省科学院重点项目(2008K-01)

摘　　要：此试验旨在从环境中分离甜瓜枯萎病的拮抗细菌,并通过适当的复配进行大田试验,以期为该病的生物防治提供参考。从大棚甜瓜根际土壤中分离得到116株细菌,利用平板对峙法、管碟法筛选出13株对甜瓜枯萎病病原菌具有较好拮抗作用的细菌,其中以F-1和D-3的拮抗作用最强。经形态特征和生理生化鉴定,菌株F-1和D-3均属于芽孢杆菌属。大田试验结果表明,F-1和D-3发酵液对甜瓜枯萎病的防效分别达到85.7%和81.6%,F-1和D-3混合发酵液对甜瓜枯萎病的防效达到91.8%,均极显著地高于农药组的防效(64.6%),显示出良好的防治潜力。The research was about to isolate antagonistic bacteria to melon fusarium wilt and detect its effect by field trail, it established a foundation for the biological control. 116 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of melon. Dual culture experiments and cylinder-plate method showed that 13 bacterial strains were of obvious antibacterial activities against the melon fusarium wilt. Among them, strain F-1 and D-3 were found much more effective than the others. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical properties, both the strains F-1 and D-3 were Bacillus. When detecting its effect by field trail, fermentation broth of strain F-1 and D-3 reached 85.7% and 81.6% , respectively, the compound fermentation broth of strains F-1 and D-3 reached 91.8% . The test group had significantly higher than the control effect （64.6% ） of 50% carbendazim, a chemical bactericide. The strains showed excellent biocontrol potential in fields.

关 键 词：甜瓜枯萎病 拮抗细菌 田间试验 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]