精神障碍住院患者的流行病学特征及相关危险因素分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of inpatients with mental disorders and relevant risk factors

作　　者：闫莉[1] 谢冰[1] 姚燕[1] 马琳[1] 王诗镔[1] 李卓林[1] 王崇[1] 牛克珍 李涛 于雅琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,吉林长春130021 [2]山东省烟台市心理康复医院精神科,山东莱阳265200

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（医学版）》2011年第2期375-378,共4页Journal of Jilin University：Medicine Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助课题(30972536/H2610)

摘　　要：目的:探讨精神障碍住院患者病种构成及精神分裂症、心境障碍和癔症3种主要精神疾病的流行病学特征,并分析其相关危险因素。方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷,以中国精神障碍分类诊断标准第2版修订本为标准,对2008-2010年烟台地区住院精神障碍患者的2 453份病历进行统计分析。结果:住院患者女性多于男性,男女比为0.74∶1,住院患者平均年龄(38.74±15.45)岁,平均发病年龄(35.98±16.08)岁,女性发病年龄高于男性(P<0.001)。病种构成中居于前3位的依次是精神分裂症(45.1%)、心境障碍(26.3%)和癔症(7.8%)。三者比较,精神分裂症的发病年龄最早(P<0.001)。与精神分裂症比较,癔症患者文化程度较低、多无吸烟及饮酒史,而常具有疾病既往史和因诱因起病(P<0.05);与精神分裂症比较,心境障碍患者以城市人群居多,由诱因引起,且有疾病既往史和饮酒史(P<0.05)。结论:不同种类精神疾病患者具有不同的发病特征,应采取有针对性的预防和治疗措施来降低和减缓疾病的发生及发展。Objective To investigate the types of the mental disorders in Yantai and the diseases characteristicsa mong schizophrenia,mood disorder,hysteria in inpatients and analyze its relevant risk factors . Methods A totalof 2453 clinical records of mental disorders inpatients according to CCMD-II- R were collected in Yantai from 2008 to 2010 by self-designed questionnaire . Results The nu mber of fe male patients was more than male patients,and the male to fe male ratio was 0. 4：1 The average age of inpatients was（38. 74 ± 15. 45）years . the average age of onset was （35. 98 ± 16. 08）years . Male had earlier onset age than fe male（P 〈0 . 001）. The proportions of schizophrenia,mood disorder,Hysteria：45. 1 %,26. 3 % and 7. 8 % . The schizophrenia inpatients had first onset a mong the three diseases . The hysteria inpatients had the lower education,and were more likely to have disease history and causes,and had less s moking and less drinking the than schizophrenia inpatients（P〈0. 05）. The mooed disorder inpatients had more people who live in city/town . They were more likely to have disease history,drinking history and causes （P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion The different mental disorders inpatients have different disease characteristics .More specific easure ments of prevention and treat ment for decreasing occurrence of this disease are needed .

关 键 词：精神分裂症 心境障碍 癔症 住院患者 发病特征 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学] R749[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]