加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业的思考  

Accelerating Bio-Jet Fuel Development in China

作　　者：姚国欣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]原中国石化信息研究所,北京100011 [2]本刊学术指导委员会

出　　处：《中外能源》2011年第4期18-26,共9页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：为了减少温室气体排放,应对欧盟征收碳排放费用,加速发展生物航空燃料产业已引起许多国家的高度重视。各国已成功进行了多次军用和民用飞机采用混合生物航空燃料或生物航空燃料的试飞,但目前仍处于试飞和安全性评估阶段,尚未实现商业化生产。一些国家已经或正在建设生物航空燃料的示范装置/工业装置,所采用的技术一类是两段加氢,另一类是气化合成。其中UOP公司开发的两段加氢技术要解决的技术难点主要是强放热反应会引起催化剂床层温度超标;而简化合成气生产工艺是生物质气化合成生产生物航空燃料的关键所在。未来生物航空燃料工厂的原料和生产技术主要有海藻油两段加氢和生物丁醇转化生产生物航空燃料。加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业的主要问题是原料来源和技术来源。我国三大石油公司建设的麻风树种植基地共240×104亩,全部建成投产后每年可以得到麻风果油64.8×104t,预计2020年我国建设的能源林基地可提供600×104t以上的生物柴油原料,2015年农作物秸秆可达到9×108t,现在的问题是要尽快落实到位;从我国现有技术和新技术开发情况看,利用具有完全自主知识产权的技术还是有条件的。同时,加速发展我国生物航空燃料产业也离不开政府有关部门的重视和支持。To reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and as a response to the imposition of carbon emission fees by the European Union,many countries have placed high value on accelerating the development of bio-jet fuel.Some countries have successfully completed several rounds of test flights using mixed or pure bio-jet fuel in military and civil aircraft although all of them are still in the test flight and safety evaluation stage and have not yet started commercial production of bio-jet fuel.Some countries have established,or are building,bio-jet fuel demonstration units/industrial plants using either the two-stage hydrogenation or the gasification synthesis methods.The main technical challenge UOP′s two-stage hydrogenation technology needs to resolve is that strong exothermic reaction will result in too high temperatures on the catalyst bed.Simplified synthetic gas production technology is the core of the process for synthesizing bio-jet fuel by gasification of biomass.The main production technologies used by bio-jet fuel plants in the future include the two-stage algal oil hydrogenation method and the bio-butanol conversion method.The main problems China needs to resolve to accelerate the development of its bio-jet fuel industry are the sourcing of raw materials and technology.China′s three major oil companies have established Jatropha curcas plantation bases covering a combined area of 240×104 mu（15 mu=1 hectare）.These bases,after going into operation,will be able to deliver 64.8×104t of Jatropha curcas oil per year.It is anticipated that by 2020 all energy forest bases in China will be able to supply more than 600×104t of feedstock for producing bio-diesel oil and that by 2015 output of crop stalks will reach 9×108t.The problem currently facing China is to move to materialize these plans as soon as possible.Judging from China′s current technical strength and the development of new technologies,the author of this article believes that it is possible that all technologies used by China are its proprietar

关 键 词：生物航空燃料 碳排放 两段加氢 气化合成 生物丁醇转化 海藻油 麻风果油 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]