基于Hydrus-1d模型的农田SPAC系统水分通量估算——以山西省运城市董村农场为例  

Water flux estimation in SPAC system of farmland using Hydrus-1d model: A case of Dongcun Farm in Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province

作　　者：王鹏[1,2] 宋献方[2] 袁瑞强[2] 韩冬梅[2] 张应华[2] 张兵[2] 李保国[3] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《地理研究》2011年第4期622-634,共13页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830636);国家"973"课题(2010CB428805)

摘　　要：农田SPAC系统水分通量的研究对提高农业用水效率,缓解我国的水资源短缺现状具有重要作用。本文利用Hydrus-1d模型,以山西省运城市董村农场为例,估算了研究区三种主要农作物(夏玉米、棉花和冬小麦)的农田水分通量。结果表明,在模拟期内,夏玉米、棉花和冬小麦的作物蒸腾占蒸散发(T/ET)的比值分别为84.7%、71.6%和79.1%,T/ET比值的变化与作物叶面指数的变化具有较好的一致性,同时也受表层土壤水含量的影响;夏玉米、棉花和冬小麦在灌溉后的深层入渗量分别达到了74.2mm、70.8mm和90.0mm,大量的深层入渗降低了灌溉水的利用效率,应采取相应措施减小灌溉后的深层入渗量。地下水通过毛细上升进入土壤水既要受到地下水水位埋深的影响,也受土壤含水量的影响,在模拟期内,夏玉米、棉花和冬小麦的地下水毛细上升量分别为149mm、128mm和65mm。Studies on the water flux in SPAC system of farmland are vital to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural water, and alleviate water shortage in China. In this paper, the Dongcun Farm in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province is taken as an example to estimate the water flux for three main crops （summer corn, cotton and winter wheat） using Hydrus-ld model. For the growing season of summer corn, cotton and winter wheat, the model is built based on soil water movement, root water uptake model and evapotranspiration model, in combination of the initial and boundary conditions. The estimation results for water flux are listed as follows. The transpiration of summer corn accounts for 84.7% of the total evapotranspiration in the whole growing season, and 9.5%, 75.6%, 92.6%, 96.7% and 75.1% in June, July, August, September and October （lst-7th）, respectively; transpiration of cotton accounts for 71.6% of the total evapotranspiration in the whole growing season, and 13.1%, 49.7%, 79.7%, 84.6%, 87. 4% and 21.5% in May, June, July, August, September and October （1st-24th）, respectively; and transpiration of winter wheat accounts for 79.1%/%0 of the total evapotranspiration in the whole studying season, and 53.0%, 89.2% and 79.7% in March （10th-31st）, April and May, respectively. The deep percolation takes up a great part of water consumption, which is 112 mm, 148 mm and 136 mm for summer corn, cotton and winter wheat, respectively. The deep percolation mainly occurs after irrigation or storm, and after irrigation is up to 74.2 mm, 70.8 mm and 90.0 mm in simulation period, respectively, which undermines the efficiency of irrigation water and need to be reduced by measures. The recharge from groundwater by capillary for soil water is influenced by the depth to water table and the soil water content, and the water amount is 149 mm, 128 mm and 65 mm for summer corn, cotton and winter wheat in simulation period.

关 键 词：HYDRUS-1D 农田SPAC系统 蒸散发分割 深层入渗 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]