非正规就业:女性人力资本积累的一种方式——以广州芳村茶叶市场茶艺表演业为例  

Role of the informal employment,a way of human capital accumulation for female labors: A case study of tea ceremony sector in Fangcun Tea Market in Guangzhou

作　　者：黄耿志[1] 薛德升[1] 谢妍翰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学城市与区域研究中心,广州510275

出　　处：《地理研究》2011年第4期699-708,共10页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771066);教育部博士点基金项目(20090171110039);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC03A00)

摘　　要：非正规就业对女性的影响一直是非正规就业研究的重点,其中许多研究认为,从事非正规就业的女性往往难以实现向上发展而强化了自身弱势地位。这类研究忽视了非正规性的多样化性质,过度地强调了非正规就业对女性的负面影响。本研究以广州市芳村茶叶市场茶艺表演业为例,使用观察、问卷调查和深度访谈的方法研究了非正规就业对女性人力资本积累与向上流动的积极作用。研究表明:芳村茶叶市场是一个女性非正规就业集聚区,其中的非正规女性茶艺表演者可利用其就业过程中的非正规培训、正规培训和职业资格认证制度有效地实现人力资本积累,并最终可能进入高级、正规劳动力市场或实现自我创业。有关非正规就业对女性产生的影响需要考虑非正规性本身的多样性,而不宜一概而论。The impacts of informal employment on female labors have attained much attention in the literature of informal employment studies, among which a widely accepted viewpoint is that female labors engaging in informal employment are hard to or could not realize up-mobility development or formalize their work, with the consequence of ever being placed in a low-level marginal position. Such totally general notion should be negotiated on account of the diversity of informal employment. It is argued that the negative aspect of impacts of the informal employment on female is over emphasized with the lack of consideration of their positiveness. This paper aims to examine the positive role of informal employment in the accumulation of female human capital, and using the case study of a typical female sector, the Tea Ceremony （chayibiaoyan） in Fangcun Tea Market in Guangzhou, with methods of observation, interview and questionnaire survey. It is found that Tea Market concentrates lots of micro-enterprises, in which most of workers are female labors employed informally. Rather than locked in the weak, marginalized labor market, female tea-ceremony workers are found to be capable of accumulating their human capital and finally move into the high-level labor market or develop into employers of micro-enterprises through the way of utilizing informal training, formal training and professional qualification institution during their informal working process. Therefore, the informal employment functions are not simply well known ＂social valve＂ in promoting female workers to participate in the labor market, but as a way for them to move up from a low-level, informal labor market into a high-level formal one. In this process, informal training formed spontaneously in the market and formal training formed by the government are the two important promotion factors in the development of informal female labors. The implication of related policies is that the government should establish and improve the institutions related to formal

关 键 词：非正规就业 女性 人力资本 广州芳村茶叶市场 

分 类 号：F249.21[经济管理—劳动经济]