大国博弈的货币层面——20世纪60年代法美货币对抗及其历史启示  

The Currency Dimension of Great-power Games: Franco-American Currency Confrontation in 1960s and Its Historical Revelations

作　　者：陈平[1] 管清友[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学经济管理学院 [2]中国海洋石油总公司能源经济研究院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2011年第4期25-47,155-156,共23页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：2010年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"国际货币权力与中国应对美元霸权策略研究"(项目编号:10YJAGJW002)的阶段性成果;"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金";长策智库"全球宏观经济政策项目(GMEP)"的资助

摘　　要：货币对抗是大国博弈的重要层面。20世纪60年代的法美货币对抗起源于戴高乐主义与美国全球霸权的相互碰撞。法国试图利用美国在布雷顿森林体系下的宏观脆弱性,通过外交压力甚至货币攻击削弱美元和美国霸权。美国则极力拉拢德国、分化欧洲,努力增加国际金融机构资源,并在创立新储备资产方面取得进展。尽管1968年"黄金总库"的枯竭使法国处于有利地位,但"五月风暴"将法国拖入国内经济、政治混乱,反美货币外交被迫"突然死亡"。法国的溃败没有改变美国彻底变革国际货币体系的决心,布雷顿森林体系在随后几年被有序废黜,美元地位和美国的政策自主性得到空前加强。法美货币对抗的历史表明,如果关键货币国拥有压倒性军事优势和不对称货币权力,体系内国家颠覆、削弱货币霸权的努力往往难以成功但在自身具有较强军事、经济实力和一定国际安全、货币架构下,有必要也能够通过可控的货币金融对抗维护储备资产安全、拓展货币权力。Currency confrontation is the critical dimension of Great-power Games. The Franco-American currency confrontation in 1960s was originated in the collisions between Gaullism and US hegemony. France attempted to take advantage of the macro vulnerability of the US under Breton Woods System to weaken the dollar and US hegemony by diplomatic pressure and even currency attacks. Meanwhile, the United States tried its utmost to court West German, disintegrate the Europe, increase the resources of international financial institutions and make progress in the creation of new reserve facilities. Regardless of the vantage ground due to the depletion of ‘Gold Pool’ in 1968, France was dragged into economic and political chaos and the anti-America currency diplomacy ended abruptly. However, The determination of the American to change the international monetary system radically had not been swayed by the rout of France, the Bretton Woods System was ousted in an orderly way, and the status of dollar and policy autonomy of America was unprecedentedly enhanced. The history of Franco-American confrontation shows that if the key currency country held overwhelming military superiority and asymmetric currency power,it is difficult for other countries to overthrow or weaken the currency supremacy. Nevertheless, with relatively strong military, economic power or under certain international security and monetary framework, it is necessary and possible for them to safeguard reserve assets’ security and enhance currency power via controllable currency confrontation.

关 键 词：大国外交 国际货币关系 国际货币政策 法美关系 

分 类 号：F821[经济管理—财政学]