沂源人牙冠的几何形态学研究  

Geometric and Morphometric Analysis of Middle Pleistocene Hominin Teeth from Yiyuan,Shandong Province

作　　者：孙承凯[1,2] 周蜜[3] 邢松[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所中国科学院脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室,北京100044 [2]山东省博物馆,济南250014 [3]湖北省文物考古研究所,武汉430077 [4]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《人类学学报》2011年第1期32-44,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部国际合作重点项目(2007DFB20330);国家自然科学基金(批准号J0930007);中国科学院脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室开放课题基金项目(2010LESV001)

摘　　要：采用形态测量分析方法对上世纪80年代发现于山东沂源的6枚人类牙齿化石齿冠外轮廓形状进行了研究,并与亚洲直立人、早期智人、晚期智人、南方古猿、非洲早期人属以及现代人进行了对比。本文发现:沂源人既保留了部分原始特征,也表现出许多进步特征。颊侧尖基底轮廓原始特征主要表现在P3和P4近似蚕豆形的外轮廓及M1近中轮廓线的平直;进步特征主要体现在:P3向近远中方向的明显扩展、颊侧尖向颊侧的突出程度减弱,P4外轮廓形状处于现代人分布范围的边缘,M1前后尖比例增大,M1颊侧外轮廓的圆隆以及下后尖的相对内缩等。中国更新世的古人类牙齿表现出很多一致性,直立人和早期智人在牙齿齿冠轮廓形状上没有明显的差异,沂源人也体现出了与这些古人类的一致性,但是在这一组标本中,沂源人齿冠形状处于比较进步的一端。此外,沂源人上、下M1的颊舌径非常大,这一特殊性状可能具有进化意义。Morphometric analysis of the crowns of six teeth from the Yiyuan site were compared with those of Homo erectus,archaic and late Homo sapiens from Asia,Australopithecus,African early Homo and recent Chinese.The present study shows that the Yiyuan teeth retain some primitive traits,including their trapezoidal outline shapes of the upper premolars and the straight mesial outline of the first upper molar.Other features are apomorphic,as manifested in the extent to which outline of P3 buccal cusp expands mesially and distally,the outline shape of the P4,which is close to that of the recent Chinese,the relatively large paracone size compared to the metacone in M1,and the roundness of the buccal outline and relatively restricted metaconid of M1.Fossil teeth of early and middle Pleistocene Chinese exhibit many similarities to each other,with no obvious differences being shown,therefore Chinese Homo erectus and archaic Homo sapiens could be treated as a sample group.The teeth from Yiyuan could also be placed in this group,however these teeth are quite ＂evolved＂ compared with other sample members.It is noteworthy that M1 and M1 have a very large value of BL /MD,which surpasses each of corresponding specimens used in present study and may be meaningful in interpreting evolutionary progress.

关 键 词：形态测量分析 沂源 牙齿形状 直立人 早期智人 

分 类 号：Q983.8[生物学—人类学]