SNPs分子标记技术在昆虫学研究中的应用  

Applications of SNPs molecular markers in Entomology

作　　者：董辉[1] 钱海涛[1] 柳晓利[1] 丛斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院害虫生物防治研究,沈阳110866

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2011年第1期167-173,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30871674;30971962);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD0806-01);辽宁省高校重点实验室支持计划项目(2008S203);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(L2010488);沈阳农业大学教师科研基金(20091012)

摘　　要：单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)主要是指在染色体基因组水平上由于单个核苷酸的变异而引起的DNA序列多态性,包括单碱基的转换或颠换引起的点突变,其中最少出现1种等位基因频率不小于1%,常以双等位基因的形式出现,稳定而可靠。在目前的昆虫基因组研究中,SNPs标记的研究主要集中在果蝇、蚊媒、家蚕等一些模式生物。本文对SNPs标记在昆虫的种类鉴定、遗传图谱构建、种群遗传学、抗药性分子机理等方面进行了综述,最后展望了SNPs在种群遗传、标记辅助选择和生物进化等研究领域中的应用前景。Single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）mainly refer to sequence polymorphism in DNA caused by a single nucleotide variation at the genomic level.These include point mutations caused by single base transversions or conversions in which the frequency of one kind of allele is not less than 1%.Stable and reliable SNPs often involve two alleles.The use of SNPs markers in current research on insect genomes is still mainly restricted to a few model organisms;for example,the fruit fly,mosquito and silkworm.This paper summarizes the types of SNPs markers useful in entomological research,including taxonomy,genetic map construction,population genetics and elucidating molecular mechanisms of pesticide resistance.Future prospects for the application of SNPs,in fields such as population genetics,marker-assisted selection and evolution,are discussed.

关 键 词：单核苷酸多态性 昆虫学 DNA 遗传标记 

分 类 号：Q96-3[生物学—昆虫学]