上海城市居住区绿化缓解热岛效应研究进展  

Study on Mitigation of Urban Heat Island by Greening at Residential Areas in Shanghai

作　　者：高凯[1] 秦俊[1] 胡永红[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海植物园

出　　处：《中国园林》2010年第12期12-15,共4页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号41071275);上海市科委重大攻关项目(编号10DZ1200403)和上海市科委重点科技攻关专项(编号10dz2253700)联合资助

摘　　要："热岛效应"作为城市建设大规模扩张而产生的热环境现象,已直接威胁城市居住区人们的正常生活与工作,合理绿化是解决这一问题经济有效及符合可持续发展的方法。居住区植物种类、斑块乔木配置、绿地通风状况和绿量的差异都将导致截然不同的降温效果。研究发现:单株植物中蒸腾降温能力较强的基本都属于纸质叶片结构,绿地斑块乔木盖度大小决定了绿化降温效果,大乔木降温效果比草坪高2.2℃,立体绿化可降低室温达0.5℃～5℃,居住区平均温度与乔木面积比例、绿化覆盖率、绿化最大斑块面积呈正相关,与绿化斑块的破碎度呈负相关。并首次讨论了三维绿量及人均绿量与居住区热岛效应的相关性。People living and working in urban residential area have been greatly threatened by urban heat island, a thermal environment effect accompanying large-scale urban construction. The most efficient, economical and sustainable developmental solution is to develop greening construction reasonably. The results show that different cooling effect is led by different species and types of plants, plant arrangement, green land ventilation condition and vegetation quantity. The research indicates that the single plant with paper-like leaf contributes the high efficiency of reducing heat, the arbor coverage ratio of green patch decides the efficiency to reduce heat, and tall arbores reduce more temperature than the lawn by 2.2℃, and climbing greening will reduce the room temperature from 0.5℃ to 5℃ . The average air temperature within the residential area positively relates to the proportion of arbores, the coverage ratio of greening plants, the area of the biggest patch, and negatively relates to the fragmentation degree for the greening patch. The relationship between tridimensional greening quantity, per greening quantity and urban heat island is discussed in the research for the first time.

关 键 词：风景园林 热岛效应 城市居住区 绿地 降温 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]