人内源性逆转录病毒的生物学功能及与疾病的关系  

Biological Function of the Human Endogenous Retroviruses（HERV） and Its Relation to Diseases

作　　者：杨贵珍(综述)[1] 王易(审阅)[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学免疫与病原生物学教研室,上海市201203

出　　处：《医学分子生物学杂志》2010年第6期531-535,共5页Journal of Medical Molecular Biology

基　　金：上海市教委高校高水平特色发展项目[No.沪教委财（2005）81号]

摘　　要：人内源性逆转录病毒（human endogenousretroviruses,HERV）是逆转录病毒在几百万年前感染人类并整合到人类基因组中,以孟德尔方式遗传至今的残余物.其在人体内数量众多,并且每个家族都存在多拷贝.HERV各家族基因结构基本相同,但许多功能都不明确,过去大多数研究人员将内源性逆转录病毒视为垃圾DNA.但随着研究的深入,人们发现HERV与人类的进化关系密切,是哺乳动物生殖所必需的,并且影响哺乳动物胎盘发育,是妊娠所不可或缺的基因.同时和胎盘共同构建了一个防止微生物感染胎儿的屏障.除了以上生理功能外,HERV还参与人体多种自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤的发生和发展过程.Human endogenous retroviruses （HERV） are retroviral residues, which had infected human being millions of years ago and have been integrated into the human genome, hereditarily remaining via the way of Mendelian. There are large numbers of HERV in the human body. Each family exists in multiple copies. Each family of FIERY has the similar genetic structure. The func- tion of HERV is largely unclear, being considered as junk DNA in the past. However, recent study has found that HERV is closely related to human evolution. For instance, HERV is necessary for mammalian reproduction. HERV affects the development of mammalian placenta and facilitates placenta to build a barrier against microbial infection. In addition, HERV is involved in development of human autoimmune diseases and cancer.

关 键 词：内源性逆转录病毒 胎盘 自身免疫性疾病 肿瘤 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]