溱湖国家湿地公园水环境特征及底栖动物群落结构研究  

Characteristics of Water Environment and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure of Qinhu National Wetland Park

作　　者：陈凯[1] 张宗祥[2] 刘朔孺[1] 王备新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学昆虫学系水生昆虫与溪流生态实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]泰州市环境监测中心站,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《湿地科学》2011年第1期26-32,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870345);江苏省环境监测科研基金项目(0707)资助

摘　　要：2009年5月(平水期)和9月(丰水期)研究了泰州溱湖国家湿地公园11个采样点水体环境特征和大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构,共获得4门6纲15目40科74属93个大型底栖无脊椎动物分类单元。研究结果显示,物种总分类单元数与总氮含量极显著正相关(n=21,r=0.597,p=0.004),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与化学需氧量含量显著正相关(r=0.565,p=0.008),Margalef物种丰富度指数分别与总氮含量(n=21,r=0.630,p=0.002)和化学需氧量含量(n=21,r=0.556,p=0.009)显著正相关,溱湖水体的营养盐状况是影响溱湖底栖动物群落结构变化的重要因子;多维尺度(MDS)分析的排序结果显示,平水期能够解释物种分布的最适环境变量组合是叶绿素a含量、总磷含量和化学需氧量含量,丰水期解释物种分布的最适环境变量组合是水温、叶绿素a含量、总磷含量和总氮含量。与平水期相比,丰水期大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性、丰富度和多度明显减少。控制溱湖水体氮含量和磷含量、恢复水生植物群落是保护溱湖国家湿地公园生态健康的关键。The variables of water environment were measured and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from 11 sampling sites in Qinhu National Wetland Park in May and September 2009.A total of 93 macroinver-tebrate taxa belonging to 74 genera 40 families 15 orders 6 classes and 4 phylums were found.The Pearson＇s correlation analysis showed that total taxa richness（n=21,r=0.597,p=0.004）had significant correlation with total nitrogen,Shannon-Wiener diversity index（n=21,r=0.565,p=0.008）significantly correlated to chemical oxygen demand,and Margalef richness index had significant correlation with both TN（n=21,r=0.630,p= 0.002）and chemical oxygen demand（r=0.556,p=0.009）.The multidimensional scaling（MDS）analysis showed that chlorophyll-a,total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand were the best contributors to the macroinvertebrate community structure in normal water season,while in high water season the best contributors were Temperature,chlorophyll-a,total phosphorus and total nitrogen.By comparison with normal water season,the macroinvertebrate diversity,richness index and abundance index decrease in evidence in high water season.It is suggested that control of nitrogen and phosphorus in water body and recovery of aquatic plant community be very important for the health of Qinghu National Wetland Park.

关 键 词：溱湖国家湿地公园 大型底栖无脊椎动物 群落结构 多维尺度分析 

分 类 号：Q179.4[生物学—水生生物学] Q178.513[生物学—普通生物学]