政策的经济合理性与公众可接受性:中国收费公路的综合反思  

Economic Rationality and Public Acceptability of Policies:Comprehensive Reflection on Highway Tolls in China

作　　者：李玉涛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044 [2]国家发展和改革委员会综合运输研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《中国软科学》2011年第3期56-64,共9页China Soft Science

摘　　要：随着路网特征、投融资形势和政治环境的不断变化,收费公路政策执行中出现了延长收费期限、资金使用不合规范等行业普遍性问题,并进一步造成公众对政策的认可程度降低。这说明,现行法规关于公路收费期限和专款专用原则的界定标准已经难以适应中国路网发展和投融资形势的要求,政策调整势在必行。本文从项目和路网、经济合理性与政治可行性不同层面对收费公路政策进行了综合研究。在项目层面,收费政策应具备基本的经济学原理,才能合理引导商业投资和可持续发展;在路网层面,交叉补贴作法可以把需求管理和成本补偿综合起来,体现交通效率定价原则、符合财政专款专用要求。文章认为,完善收费公路政策,需要在坚持项目和路网各自层面合理性并使之相互兼容的同时,进一步确保经济合理性与公众可接受性的相互促进。With the road network characteristics,financing condition and political environment changing,there have been some issues such as the extend of tolling period and funds using irregularities,which further caused the reduction in recognition of the toll policy.Since the existing legislation on tolling period and earmarking is not suitable for the needs of road industry and actual conditions,it draws a conclusion that we should adapt the policy to the new situation.This paper makes a comprehensive study on toll road from different angles including project and road network,economic rationality and political feasibility.At the project level,toll policy should meet the basic economic principles to guide business investment and sustainable development of roads;within the road network,cross-subsidies can unify demand management and cost recovery together,which reflect the principles of efficient transportation infrastructure policy and meet the earmarking requirements.In order to improve the toll road policy,it needs to adhere to the rationalization of project and the network at respective level,while ensuring the compatibility between economic rationality and social acceptability.

关 键 词：收费公路政策 收费期限 专款专用 经济合理性 公众可接受性 

分 类 号：F54[经济管理—产业经济]